After surgical interventions and complex injuries, restorative treatment is necessary, aimed at a speedy recovery and preventing the development of complications.
At the rehabilitation center of the Yusupov Hospital, all necessary therapeutic and preventive procedures are carried out to facilitate the most complete and rapid restoration of the patient’s lost abilities.
The highly qualified medical staff of the Yusupov Hospital has sufficient experience in conducting rehabilitation measures using advanced technologies to help return patients to a full life.
Supraspinatus brachii tear
Rupture of the supraspinatus muscle of the shoulder
Rupture of the supraspinatus muscle of the shoulder develops as a result of the implementation of a pathogenetic mechanism, the essence of which is excessive impact, the force of which is aimed at lengthening the tendon (stretching). More pronounced changes in the fibers are formed against the background of degenerative or inflammatory changes. In this case, the injury suffered is more severe, affecting several components of the shoulder at once.
Causes
- Proximal biceps tendon rupture is usually caused by chronic inflammation resulting from subacromial impingement and the end result of chronic microtrauma. Repeated injuries often lead to wear and tear of the tendon, with subsequent loss of strength, increasing the risk of rupture even after relatively minor injuries.
- Tendon rupture due to chronic inflammation can occur in rheumatoid arthritis.
- Overuse or rapid stress on a tendon, such as in weightlifting, is often the cause of acute tendon rupture.
- Biceps tendon rupture or degeneration is often associated with rotator cuff injuries in older patients and is often diagnosed during surgery for rotator cuff injuries. This may be associated with impingement syndrome.
- Most ruptures occur where tendons attach to bone proximally and distally:
- Distal avulsion of the tendon from the radius is usually due to chronic irritation, such as in chronic elbow bursitis.
- Acute avulsions result from forced extension of the elbow in flexion and supination.
- Rarely, ruptures of the short head of the biceps tendon can occur when the arm is rapidly flexed and adducted during activities involving elbow extension.
- Impairment of physiological mechanisms of regeneration due to medications (eg, statins) are also considered possible potential factors predisposing to tendon rupture.
Etiological factors
Changes affecting the shoulder cuff, in particular the fibers of the supraspinatus muscle, occur as a result of a fall on an outstretched arm, its sharp abduction back or up against the background of a load, as well as after a bruise in the girdle area of the upper limb. The likelihood of traumatic or pathological changes increases significantly in the presence of such provoking factors:
- Engagement in outdoor sports at an amateur or professional level, accompanied by an increased load on the shoulder (volleyball, basketball, tennis).
- Age of a person - in young people, injury is provoked by increased motor activity, in older people - by pathological changes in the properties of connective tissue.
- The presence of chronic structural pathology, which leads to weakening of the cuff components (long-term infectious or autoimmune inflammation).
- Congenital weakening of connective tissue structures caused by disruption of the activity of certain genes.
All provoking factors must be clarified during diagnostic measures. This is necessary to select the most optimal treatment measures, as well as determine the prevention of injury or pathology.
These four types of sports activities most often result in muscle injuries. How to prevent them?
It is important to prevent injuries during sports activities . Your training plan should be tailored to your fitness level and current health status. When you feel extremely tired and exhausted, it is better for you to rest and skip your workout. Especially on warm summer days, do not forget about your fluid intake, as hydration is vital for the proper functioning of the entire body, including muscles. Also, make sure to get enough calories and nutrients from your diet as this will promote muscle regeneration and overall performance. [20]
You can learn how to learn to eat healthy and what should be included in your diet from our article What is Healthy Eating and How to Learn to Eat Healthy?
You skip stretching and warming up before your workout
There is no time to warm up, so you immediately grab heavy weights or start kicking the ball, trying to score the first goal. Lack of warm-up or insufficient time devoted to it is a common cause of injury. Spending a few minutes jogging, jumping rope, and doing ABC exercises will be enough to mobilize your joints. Just get your body moving and let it know that in the next few minutes you will begin more intense physical activity. [21]
You can learn more about the need to warm up before exercise in our article Exercise, Stretching, Warm-up and Cool-down – Are They Really Important?
You have a small range of motion in your joints
Perhaps you don't spend enough time stretching, and your overall flexibility leaves much to be desired. But in this case, with any sudden movement that your body is not accustomed to, you can cause yourself a painful muscle injury. You don't need to spend an hour stretching every day, just try to do the exercises through a full range of motion. This means that you need to train in the gym with weights in extreme positions, just ones that will stretch your joints and stretch your muscles.
However, always pay attention to the technically correct execution of the exercise. This will improve your flexibility and prepare your body for unfamiliar movements. So-called multi-joint exercises are ideal. These include squats, deadlifts, pull-ups, bench presses or lunges. [22]
If you are interested in proper squat technique, you can learn more about it by reading our article Squats – Proper Technique, Benefits and Variations.
Excessive training
Do you want to gain huge muscles and develop Hulk-like strength, so with each workout you don't worry so much about technique and just try to do as many reps as possible? This approach can backfire. You run the risk of suffering a muscle injury that will make it impossible for you to return to normal activities, let alone exercise, possibly for weeks.
It is better for you to gradually increase the load and think that you must control the dumbbell, not it you. Make sure you are performing the exercises correctly from a technical standpoint , or better yet, consult with an experienced trainer who can help you with technique and developing a plan for developing strength. [23]
You overload your body with training for a long period of time
If you want to improve yourself and your body, do not forget to give your body enough rest. This is the only way to cope with the increasing workload required to improve productivity. Overtraining can lead to a number of physical and mental problems. It is also a common cause of sports injuries. If you feel tired for long periods of time, have mood swings, and regular workouts or other activities require you to exert much more effort than before, you may need to take a break and get a good night's sleep. [24-25]
If you have been feeling tired for a long time and don’t know the reason, read our article, Why Do You Feel Tired All the Time? The seven most common causes and ways to eliminate them - the article can help you find the reasons for your unexplained fatigue.
kinds
kinds
There is also an isolated change, affecting only the supraspinatus tendon, and a combined injury, in which other structures of the shoulder are involved to varying degrees in the process.
The importance of rehabilitation after surgical treatment
The main condition for recovery is a well-performed surgical intervention. However, without proper rehabilitation, the final result of the operation may be significantly lower than originally planned. Final recovery requires rehabilitation assistance - restoring the patient’s lost functions may require a very long time and effort.
Rehabilitation after surgery (after a ruptured biceps muscle, calf muscle, etc.) is hard work that requires proper training of doctors and special skills of medical personnel. It is carried out depending on the consequences of the injury or disease, as well as the treatment provided.
Signs
A rupture of the supraspinatus muscle is manifested by quite characteristic symptoms, which include:
- Sharp pain that appears immediately after injury. In the case of gradual damage to the fibers against the background of a pathological process, pain may increase gradually.
- Increased sensations of discomfort during movements in the shoulder, especially when trying to raise the arm up.
- Impaired stabilization of the joint, in which habitual dislocation may develop with frequent release of the head of the humerus from the glenoid cavity under normal loads.
- The appearance of inflammatory signs - damage is accompanied by inflammation of the tissues and ligaments (tendonitis) with redness of the skin, swelling and an increase in the volume of the shoulder.
The severity of clinical signs of tendon fiber rupture depends on the severity of the pathology.
Rehabilitation goals
A rehabilitation course after operations and injuries allows you to achieve the following results:
- regenerate muscle tissue, restore the previous level of strength and tone;
- restore motor activity of joints impaired after injuries, fractures, surgical interventions, immobilization;
- improve tissue regeneration, incl. cartilaginous;
- increase mobility with adhesions and scars;
- improve the trophism of muscle and bone tissues of the body;
- eliminate swelling and pain;
- improve blood circulation in damaged joints or limbs.
In addition, rehabilitation helps strengthen the patient’s overall tone and improve his emotional and psychological state. The absence of a timely rehabilitation course can lead to complications, re-development of the disease and threatens incomplete restoration of muscle strength.
Ultrasound
Ultrasound
In order to reliably determine the location, nature and severity of the injury, the orthopedic traumatologist prescribes an additional examination. It includes techniques that allow you to visualize internal structures. These include radiography, tomography with layer-by-layer scanning of tissue (tissue visualization can be carried out using X-rays or the effect of resonance of atomic nuclei in a magnetic field), ultrasound of components of the musculoskeletal system, as well as arthroscopy (a minimally invasive diagnostic and treatment technique). The choice of examination method is determined by the results of the examination by the doctor, as well as the technical capabilities of the medical institution.
Symptoms
- Some patients experience sudden pain in the front of the shoulder during physical activity. The pain is acute and intense and may be accompanied by a clicking sound or a tearing sensation.
- Other patients may experience intermittent pain during overhead movements or repetitive activities.
- Still others experience intense soreness in the front of the shoulder, which may worsen at night.
- In some patients, the tear may be virtually asymptomatic, and the patient may only notice a bulge or thickening in the area between the shoulder and elbow. As a rule, such a course is possible with chronic damage to the tendon and after a complete rupture the pain may disappear. With a distal rupture, there may be similar symptoms, but with localization closer to the elbow.