Varus and valgus of the knee joints in children (bow legs & knock knees)

Many parents worry if their child's legs are shaped like the letter "O" or "X". Most often, this is a variant of the child’s normal growth and development and corrects itself as the child grows older.

But regardless of whether the shape of the child’s legs is pathological or physiological, an examination should be carried out for each child, taking into account the collection of a detailed history and research.

Terminology

• Varus of the knee joints is a term that corresponds to an “O”-shaped deformity of the legs
• Knee valgus is a term that corresponds to an “X”-shaped deformity of the legs.

Physiological varus and valgus of the knee joints in a brother and sister

Causes leading to foot deformation

To date, the causes of the development of congenital valgus or varus of the foot have not been precisely established. According to scientists, a certain role is played by the lack of macro- and microelements in the body of a pregnant woman, especially calcium and vitamin D. The presence of the fetus in a breech position, multiple pregnancies, and oligohydramnios also increase the risk of congenital deformities of the feet and ankle joints. A healthy lifestyle is important, which the expectant mother should adhere to throughout all three trimesters.

Acquired variants of the pathology develop due to improper functioning of the musculoskeletal system or its underdevelopment. More often the disease is diagnosed in children with the following characteristics:

• were born prematurely (premature) or to mothers whose pregnancy had complications;
• received birth or other injuries, for example, a dislocated hip;
• have been or are suffering from diseases that cause changes in cartilage, bone, connective or muscle tissue, for example, rickets (vitamin D deficiency) or cerebral palsy (cerebral palsy);
• wore a cast on the lower limb for a long time;
• have weak muscles and ligaments, in particular due to lack of adequate physical activity;
• wear uncomfortable shoes that do not fit;
• suffered serious infectious diseases, especially in the first year of life;
• suffer from excess weight;
• have a genetic predisposition to the development of this pathology.
• got on their feet early and began to walk independently, by hand or with the help of special devices (walkers, etc.).

Often, varus and valgus acquired deformities of children's feet are formed due to the fault of parents. Many fathers and mothers strive to quickly put the baby in an upright position and see his first steps, “forcibly” putting him on his feet. This is a serious mistake, since the child must decide for himself when it is time for him to walk. It is also important for the baby to create all the conditions so that his naturally flat soles begin to develop correctly.

Deformation of the lower extremities in a child may be one of the manifestations of poor posture, which develops due to other reasons (injury to the neck or base of the skull during childbirth). In such cases, a visit to an osteopath will form the basis of treatment.

Depending on the causative factor, the following types of varus and valgus curvature of the lower extremities are distinguished:

• post-traumatic (after various injuries);
• structural (due to developmental anomalies of the musculoskeletal system);
• static (due to poor posture);
• spastic (the result of malfunctions of the nervous system);
• paralytic (complication of encephalitis, polio, etc.);
• compensatory (due to the structural features of the legs);
• rachitic (consequence of rickets);
• correctional (the result of incorrect treatment of other diseases of the lower extremities).

Only an orthopedic doctor can correctly determine the cause of the pathology and its degree.

Introduction

1.1. The most important condition for achieving the goals of the activities of NK Rosinnovatsii LLC (hereinafter referred to as NK Rosinnovatsii LLC, or the Operator) is to ensure the necessary and sufficient level of information security of information, which, among other things, includes personal data.

1.2. The policy regarding the processing of personal data in NK Rosinnovatsii LLC determines the procedure for collecting, storing, transferring and other types of processing of personal data in NK Rosinnovatsii LLC, as well as information about the implemented requirements for the protection of personal data.

NK Rosinnovatsii LLC processes the personal data of the following persons:

— users of the website of NK Rosinnovatsii LLC;

- entities with which civil contracts have been concluded;

-candidates for filling vacant positions of NK Rosinnovatsii LLC, employees of NK Rosinnovatsii LLC.

1.3. The subject of personal data decides to provide his personal data and consents to their processing freely, of his own free will and in his own interest.

1.4. The policy has been developed in accordance with the current legislation of the Russian Federation. The Operator’s personal data processing policy is determined, inter alia, in accordance with the following regulatory legal acts:

• Constitution of the Russian Federation;
• Federal Law of July 27, 2006 No. 152-FZ “On Personal Data”;
• Chapter 14 (Articles 85-90) of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation;
• Tax Code of the Russian Federation;
• Federal Law of November 21, 2011 No. 323-FZ “On the fundamentals of protecting the health of citizens in the Russian Federation”;
• Federal Law of April 1, 1996 No. 27-FZ “On individual (personalized) registration in the compulsory pension insurance system”;
• Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of March 6, 1997 No. 188 “On approval of the List of confidential information”;
• Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated September 15, 2008 No. 687 “On approval of the Regulations on the specifics of processing personal data carried out without the use of automation tools”;
• Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated July 6, 2008 No. 512 “On approval of requirements for tangible media of biometric personal data and technologies for storing such data outside personal data information systems”;
• Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of November 1, 2012 No. 1119 “On approval of requirements for the protection of personal data during their processing in personal data information systems”;
• order of the FSTEC of Russia No. 55, FSB of Russia No. 86, Ministry of Information and Communications of Russia No. 20 dated February 13, 2008 “On approval of the Procedure for classifying personal data information systems”;
• Order of Roskomnadzor dated September 5, 2013 No. 996 “On approval of requirements and methods for anonymization of personal data.”

Principles for processing personal data

2.1. When processing personal data of subjects, the following principles are implemented:

- compliance with the legality of receiving, processing, storing, as well as other actions with personal data;

-processing of personal data solely for the purpose of fulfilling obligations under a service agreement;

-collection of only those personal data that are minimally necessary to achieve the stated purposes of processing;

- implementation of measures to ensure the security of personal data during their processing and storage;

- compliance with the rights of the subject of personal data to access his personal data.

2.2. The processing of personal data by the Operator is carried out taking into account the need to ensure the protection of the rights and freedoms of personal data subjects, including the protection of the right to privacy, personal and family secrets, based on the following principles:

• processing of personal data is carried out on a legal and fair basis;
• the processing of personal data is limited to the achievement of specific, pre-defined and legitimate purposes;
• Processing of personal data that is incompatible with the purposes of collecting personal data is not permitted;
• It is not allowed to combine databases containing personal data, the processing of which is carried out for purposes that are incompatible with each other;
• Only personal data that meets the purposes of their processing are subject to processing;
• the content and volume of personal data processed corresponds to the stated purposes of processing. Redundancy of the processed personal data in relation to the stated purposes of their processing is not allowed;
• When processing personal data, the accuracy of personal data, their sufficiency, and, if necessary, relevance in relation to the purposes of processing personal data are ensured. The operator takes the necessary measures or ensures their adoption to delete or clarify incomplete or inaccurate personal data;
• storage of personal data is carried out no longer than required by the purposes of processing personal data, unless the period for storing personal data is established by federal law, an agreement to which the subject of personal data is a party, beneficiary or guarantor;
• the processed personal data is destroyed or anonymized upon achievement of the processing goals or in the event of the loss of the need to achieve these goals, unless otherwise provided by federal law.

The operator who has gained access to personal data is obliged not to disclose to third parties or distribute personal data without the consent of the subject of personal data, unless otherwise provided by federal law.

Composition of personal data

3.1. Information constituting personal data is any information relating to a directly or indirectly identified or identifiable individual (subject of personal data).

3.2. All personal data processed by the Operator is confidential, strictly protected information in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.

3.3. Information related to personal data used by the Operator solely for feedback from the client is the telephone number of the subject of personal data, as well as the Name of the subject of personal data.

This composition of personal data is defined only in relation to the use of the Operator’s website and its services by the subject of personal data (website user).

3.4. Information related to personal data used by the Operator in connection with the conclusion of an agreement for the provision of services, to which the subject of personal data is a party, without distributing personal data, without providing third parties, solely for the execution of the specified agreement and concluding an agreement with the subject of personal data:

— first name, patronymic and last name (if available);

- Date of Birth;

- phone number;

-health status;

— passport data (type of document, series, number, who issued it, registration address)

3.5. Information related to personal data used by the Operator in connection with the employment of citizens with the Operator, personnel records management of the Operator’s employees, accounting and reporting:

— first name, patronymic and last name (if available);

— passport data (type of document, series, number, who issued it, registration address);

- document on education and work experience.

Purposes of processing personal data

4.1 Personal data is processed by the Operator for the purpose of formalizing contractual relations, on the grounds provided for in Article 22 of the Federal Law of June 27, 2006 No. 152-FZ, the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, and providing other, including consulting, services to subjects of personal data regarding the purchase of goods, services, use of the services of the Operator’s website; promoting the Operator’s services and/or goods, making direct contacts with the Operator’s clients using communication means, as well as on the grounds provided for in Art. 85-90 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, for the purpose of employing citizens with the Operator, conducting personnel records, accounting and reporting.

4.2. In order to properly perform its duties as an Operator, the Operator collects, processes, stores, and destroys the following personal data:

— subject’s phone number; Subject Name*

(regarding the use of the website and services of the Operator’s website);

— first name, patronymic and last name (if available);

- Date of Birth;

- phone number;

-health status

— passport data (type of document, series, number, who issued it, registration address)*

(in terms of formalizing contractual relations);

— first name, patronymic and last name (if available);

— passport data (type of document, series, number, who issued it, registration address);

— document on education, work experience*

(in terms of formalizing the labor relations of the Operator’s employees, conducting personnel records)

4.3. The personal data set out in clause 3.3 above is entered by the personal data subject on the Internet Operator’s website in a special feedback window. Entering personal data: telephone number, name - are not mandatory conditions for communication with the Operator, since the Operator's telephone number is listed on the Operator's website and is available to an unlimited number of persons. Feedback from the site visitor is used at the request of the site visitor. When filling out the Feedback form, the personal data of a site visitor is used by the Operator solely for telephone communication between the Operator and the visitor for the purposes specified above. The specified personal data is confidential, not transferable to third parties, and subject to storage.

Personal data is transferred by the subject of personal data when using the Operator’s website when registering for the Feedback service solely at the request of the subject of personal data at the address: https://sanatera.ru upon confirmation of consent to the processing of personal data.

Introduced under clause 3.3. by the user of the site, personal data (name, telephone number) is not for the Operator the purpose of establishing his or her identification, establishing the identity of the user, but is used solely to establish a telephone connection with the user of the site.

The personal data set out in clause 3.4 above is provided by the personal data subject upon giving and confirming his written consent to the collection and processing of personal data for the purpose of concluding a contractual relationship, providing services under the contract, solely for the execution of the contract with the personal data subject. Collection, processing, storage, destruction of personal data is carried out by the Operator on the basis of the Federal Law of July 27, 2006 No. 152-FZ “On Personal Data”, the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, the Federal Law of November 21, 2011 No. 323-FZ “On the Fundamentals of Health Protection” citizens in the Russian Federation."

The personal data set out in clause 3.5 above is provided by the subject of personal data upon employment with the Operator, being a personnel employee of the operator, after written confirmation of consent to the collection and processing of personal data. Obtaining personal data is primarily carried out by submitting it by the citizen or employee himself, on the basis of his written consent, with the exception of cases expressly provided for by the current legislation of the Russian Federation. The collection, processing, storage, destruction of personal data is carried out by the Operator on the basis of the Federal Law of July 27, 2006 No. 152-FZ “On Personal Data”, the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, the Federal Law of 04/01/1996 No. 27-FZ “On Individual (Personified) ) registration in the compulsory pension insurance system”, Art. 85-90 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation.

4.4. The operator collects, processes, stores, and transfers information about personal data, except for:

— processing of special categories of personal data relating to race, nationality, political views, religious or philosophical beliefs, health status, intimate life (with the exception of clause 3.4 regarding health status when concluding contractual relations);

— processing of information that characterizes the physiological characteristics of a person and on the basis of which one can establish his identity (biometric personal data);

— cross-border transfer of personal data on the territory of foreign states that do not provide adequate protection of the rights of personal data subjects;

— creation of publicly available sources of personal data (including directories, address books).

Collection, processing, storage, destruction of personal data

5.1. The operator collects, records, systematizes, accumulates, stores, clarifies (updates, changes), extracts, uses, depersonalizes, blocks, deletes and destroys personal data.

The processing of personal data by the Operator is carried out in the following ways:

— non-automated processing of personal data;

— automated processing of personal data with or without transmission of the received information via information and telecommunication networks.

5.2. Information about the location of the information database containing personal data: Russian Federation.

5.3. The processing of personal data, carried out without the use of automation tools, is carried out in such a way that for each category of personal data it is possible to determine the storage locations of personal data (tangible media). The operator has established a list of persons processing personal data or having access to it. Separate storage of personal data (material media) is ensured. The operator ensures the safety of personal data and takes measures to prevent unauthorized access to personal data. When storing personal data, organizational and technical measures are observed to ensure their safety. Manual processing of personal data is carried out without transmission via the Operator’s internal network, without transmission via the Internet.

5.4. Processing of personal data carried out using automation tools is carried out subject to the following actions: The operator carries out technical measures aimed at preventing unauthorized access to personal data and (or) their transfer to persons who do not have the right to access such information; security tools are configured to timely detect cases of unauthorized access to personal data; technical means of automated processing of personal data are isolated in order to prevent influence on them, as a result of which their functioning may be disrupted.

The operator is obliged to inform, in the manner prescribed by Article 14 of the Federal Law of July 27, 2006 No. 152-FZ “On Personal Data,” the subject of personal data or his representative information about the availability of personal data relating to the relevant subject of personal data, as well as provide the opportunity familiarization with this personal data upon application by the subject of personal data or his representative or within thirty days from the date of receipt of the request of the subject of personal data or his representative. At the request of the personal data subject, information can be deleted at any time.

Personal data is stored in accordance with the requirements of the legislation of the Russian Federation and internal local regulations of the Operator.

5.5. The Operator uses cookies and similar tools on the Sites to improve the performance and ease of use of the Site. The Site and third party service providers may use cookies on the Site. Cookies allow the Web server to transfer data to your computer for storage and other purposes. Cookie technology does not contain any personal information regarding the User. These “Cookies” are necessary to configure the Site, including saving user browsing preferences and collecting statistical information on the Site. In addition, Cookies and other technologies are used, in particular, to provide a higher level of service, provide more complete information (Site traffic, statistics, etc.), and provide the user with the opportunity to constantly use the Site. Service providers are also allowed to use cookies on the Site. If the user does not need the information obtained through cookies, he can refuse the use of cookies - this is a standard feature that is found in almost all browsers. This technology is also used by Yandex/Rambler/Google counters installed on the Site, etc.

5.6. When filling out the Feedback form (clause 3.3.), the subject fills out a window with a field for entering a telephone number and his Name. After filling out the specified parameters, the subject confirms his consent to the processing of personal data. Otherwise, personal data is not accepted, is not collected, and cannot be processed. After entering the specified Feedback data, the Operator makes a call to clarify the reason for visiting the site, providing advice on the services provided by the Operator, and the goods it promotes. Additional personal data is not requested from the subject of personal data. After completing the feedback, the Operator carries out processing, storage of personal data, and destruction.

5.7. Links to other (external) sites may be posted on the Operator's website. Information from these sites is not a continuation or addition to the Operator’s materials. The operator cannot be held responsible for the accuracy of the site data and services used on the sites, or the use of personal data.

Information about the implemented requirements for the protection of personal data and ways to achieve their protection

6.1. The operator carries out the following activities: identifies threats to the security of personal data during their processing, creates threat models based on them; develops, based on a threat model, a personal data protection system that ensures the neutralization of alleged threats using methods and methods for protecting personal data provided for the corresponding class of information systems; carries out installation and commissioning of information security equipment in accordance with operational and technical documentation; keeps records of the information protection means used, operational and technical documentation for them, and personal data carriers; maintains records of persons authorized to work with personal data in the information system; appoints a person (circle of persons) responsible for organizing the processing of personal data; determines the storage locations of personal data, as well as the storage locations of personal data equipped against unauthorized entry; exercises control over compliance with the conditions for the use of information security tools provided for in the operational and technical documentation; has the right to initiate proceedings and draw conclusions on facts of non-compliance with the storage conditions of personal data carriers, the use of information security measures that may lead to a violation of the confidentiality of personal data or other violations leading to a decrease in the level of security of personal data, the development and adoption of measures to prevent possible dangerous consequences of such violations. In cases provided for by law, the processing of personal data is carried out by the Operator only with the written consent of the subject, as well as equivalent confirmation of the subject’s consent to the processing of personal data permitted by law.

6.2. To develop and implement specific measures to ensure the security of personal data during their processing in the information system, the Operator or an authorized person is responsible for the Operator’s division. Persons whose access to personal data processed in the information system is necessary to perform official (labor) duties are allowed to access the relevant personal data on the basis of an order approved by the Operator. If violations of the procedure for providing personal data are detected, the Operator or an authorized person shall immediately suspend the provision of personal data to users of the information system until the causes of the violations are identified and these causes are eliminated.

Rights and obligations of the Operator

7.1. The personal data operator has the right:

• defend your interests in court;

• provide personal data of subjects to third parties, if provided for by the current legislation of the Russian Federation (tax, law enforcement agencies, etc.);

• refuse to provide personal data in cases provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation;

• use the subject’s personal data without his consent, in cases provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

Rights and obligations of the subject of personal data

8.1. The subject of personal data has the right:

• demand clarification of your personal data, their blocking or destruction if the personal data is incomplete, outdated, unreliable, illegally obtained or not necessary for the stated purpose of processing, as well as take measures provided by law to protect your rights;

• demand a list of your personal data processed by the Operator and the source of its receipt;

• receive information about the terms of processing of your personal data, including the periods of their storage;

• require notification of all persons who were previously provided with incorrect or incomplete personal data about all exceptions, corrections or additions made to them;

• appeal to the authorized body for the protection of the rights of personal data subjects or in court against unlawful actions or inactions during the processing of his personal data;

• to protect their rights and legitimate interests, including compensation for losses and (or) compensation for moral damage in court.

Final provisions

9.1. This Policy is subject to changes, additions, and revisions in the event of new legislative acts and special regulations on the processing and protection of personal data. After changes, additions, or revisions to the provisions of this Policy, its updated version is published on the website.

You can also receive clarification on issues of interest regarding the processing of personal data by contacting the Operator personally, or by sending an official request via Russian Post to the address: St. Petersburg, Index 191025, st. Stremyannaya, house 12, room. 1H.

9.2. This Policy is an internal document of the Operator and is subject to posting on the official website https://sanatera.ru

9.3. Control of compliance with the requirements of this Policy is carried out by the person responsible for ensuring the security of the Operator’s personal data.

Severity and types of disease

Hallux valgus develops gradually, going through four stages of development:

1. First degree. The deviation from the vertical axis is no more than 15 degrees. Timely correction leads to complete cure.
2. Second degree. The lower part of the legs is turned out 15-20 degrees. Complex conservative treatment gives a good result, completely eliminating the defect.
3. Third degree. The deviation from the axis is 20-30 degrees. Therapy includes a number of activities and lasts several months and even years.
4. Fourth degree. The deformation angle exceeds 30 degrees. Conservative treatment does not always give a positive result, so in approximately 7% of cases surgical correction is performed.

Varus curvature has three degrees of severity:

Difference in Signs and Symptoms

To understand what ailment a person has - valgus or varus, it is enough to examine the arch of the foot and observe the gait. The normal development of the joints of the lower extremities is characterized by the location of the heels along their central axial line. The difference between valgus and varus is as follows:

• The first signs of valgus changes can be noticed already when the child has learned to walk; the formation of the disease occurs around the age of three. Varus deviations occur slowly and can be identified by the type of shoe deformation.
• Disorders with valgus look like inward curvature of the lower extremities (the emphasis is on the ankle joints). Varus is an outward bending of the legs that has an adverse effect on the knees.
• Complications with valgus manifest themselves in the unsightly appearance of the legs, the onset of rapid fatigue; in severe cases, the disease leads to disability. The development of varus is fraught with pain in the spine, the appearance of swelling, fatigue both during movement and at rest.

The main differences between varus and valgus are the location of the joints of the lower extremities. Varus curvatures are directed to the outside (“O”-shaped legs); with valgus, the legs turn inward (“X”-shaped).

Adducted feet or club feet in children

Clinical picture

Valgus most often begins to manifest itself in the first year of a child’s life and is often combined with valgus deformity of the knee joints. It is characterized by an X-shaped curvature of the legs and a decrease in the height of the arches of the feet. If you bring your knees together and then straighten them, the distance between your ankles will exceed 4-5 cm. Being on a completely flat surface, the inside of the lower leg falls inward, and the toes and heel “look” outward. A flat-valgus foot develops with almost complete flattening of its natural arches.

Varus also begins to manifest itself in early childhood. With this pathology, the baby’s legs are O-shaped, resembling a wheel. The axis and dome of the foot are bent, with the main load falling on the outer edge of the sole. However, varus of the foot, like valgus, can be isolated and not combined with deformation of the entire lower limb.

Both deformities can be congenital or acquired. In the first case, pathological changes will be observed already during the period of intrauterine development of the fetus. A child is born with a defect. Acquired foot deformities begin to form after the baby is finally on his feet. As a rule, with foot valgus, parents notice that when the baby walks, he does not step on the entire sole, but only on its inner part.

The curvature of one lower limb may be more pronounced than the other and be combined with flat feet. If planovalgus feet are not treated, the pathology is likely to progress over time. The physiological position of the legs will change, provoking the development of diseases of the spine and large joints. Over time, poor posture will appear, which can develop into such a serious disease as scoliosis or kyphoscoliosis.

Foot valgus can be combined and even be a consequence of varus of the knee joints.

Therefore, it is so important to promptly identify defects of the lower extremities and pay attention to any signs of the disease. Parents may notice that the child's gait is unsteady and awkward, causing discomfort and pain. Swelling of the knee and ankle joints often appears. When examining the shoes, it is clear that they wear unevenly, with a lot of wear on one side of the sole.

Children with varus and valgus often complain of fatigue after walking, pain in the legs and spine, cramps in the calf muscles, and even headaches. They cannot fully run, jump, perform physical exercises or play sports. Because of this, many children develop complexes and a reluctance to go to physical education or kindergarten. Sometimes the result is depression.

Tibiofemoral angle

The tibiofemoral angle (knee angle) is the angle formed by the mechanical axis of the femur intersecting the mechanical axis of the tibia. If this angle decreases, varus of the knee joint (“O” leg) occurs. As this angle increases, valgus of the knee joint (“X” leg) occurs.

In infants, the physiological development of the tibiofemoral angle goes from varus to valgus:

Tibiofemoral angle in children from 0 to 13 years.

Diagnostics

Make an appointment Biketova Alexandra Viktorovna Osteopathic doctor Specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of pain syndromes in the cervical, thoracic, lumbar spine, chest, shoulder girdle and pelvic area, in the joints of the arms, legs, pain in the foot and heel area, numbness or swelling of the extremities, pain syndromes after operations and injuries of various ages, dysfunction of internal organs with and without pain syndrome. Consultation from 2000 rub.

If a child’s heel constantly falls in when standing and when walking, or there are other signs of deformation of the lower extremities, you should consult an orthopedic doctor.

The doctor interviews and examines the patient and prescribes standard research methods:

• radiography of ankle joints;
• podometry (the ratio of the height of the foot to its length as a percentage);
• computer plantography (sole imprint).

According to indications, additional examinations are carried out (determining the level of calcium and vitamin D in the blood, ultrasound of the knee joints, radiography of the spine, etc.). If necessary, the patient is referred for consultation to related specialists (neurologist, endocrinologist, etc.).

Possible postoperative complications

Like most major surgical procedures, treatment of varus and valgus deformities is associated with certain risks and possible complications. Modern equipment and many years of experience of the staff at Professor Noah’s clinic have made it possible to minimize them, but it is still impossible to completely eliminate them.

Therefore, we must warn about possible complications:

1. Bleeding. During the operation, rods and wires are installed for the patient. They, in turn, can lead to injury to blood vessels, resulting in the formation of hematomas. In rare cases, this may require additional surgery.
2. Infection. Knitting needles and rods require special care. Dressings, antiseptic treatment, etc. - all this is mandatory. Otherwise, there is a risk of infection, which can have extremely serious health consequences. One of the most dangerous complications is wire osteomyelitis, which also requires surgical treatment.
3. Failure of the Ilizarov apparatus. In the event of a breakdown, prompt replacement of individual components or the entire device may be required.
4. Pain during the recovery period. And especially if the patient does not comply with the activity regimen prescribed by the specialist. Painkillers may be prescribed. In some cases quite strong.

Today, such and other complications are very rare in the clinic of Dr. Ernst Noah. And if you want to be sure that the treatment will be carried out at the highest level, we recommend that you come here. A professional staff of doctors, comfortable rooms, the latest equipment and leading treatment methods - patients of NOAHKLINIK receive all this. If you, your children or other relatives have varus or valgus deformities, do not hesitate. The sooner you start treatment, the faster and more painlessly it will go away. Such diagnoses are no longer a death sentence. And the NOAHKLINIK team proves this in practice.

Treatment of varus and valgus deformities

Hallux valgus and varus deformity of the foot in children usually requires long-term complex treatment. The sooner it starts, the better the prognosis. The main goal of conservative therapy is to create a correct arch of the foot by strengthening the ligamentous-muscular framework. Classic treatment methods include:

• Exercise therapy and gymnastics with exercises for the legs, in particular, with the help of various objects;
• massotherapy;
• plastering;
• water procedures (foot baths, swimming);
• use of orthopedic shoes and insoles;
• the use of special mats, balls and similar objects;
• physiotherapeutic procedures (magnetic therapy, applications with ozokerite and others);
• osteopathy.

Sometimes orthopedic splints, bandages and other fixing devices are used to eliminate the defect. In some cases, specialists turn to alternative methods, for example, kinesiotaping of the lower limb. In case of severe clinical manifestations, symptomatic therapy is prescribed (painkillers, hormonal and other drugs). If the measures taken are ineffective, surgical intervention is resorted to.

As a rule, varus and valgus feet in children respond well to conservative treatment.

Treatment

If the deformation is not advanced, then with due diligence the child is able to eliminate it on his own. You need to wear special shoes, avoid standing for long periods of time with your legs wide apart, often walk barefoot on the ground, sand and grass, and do exercises prescribed by the orthopedist.

Professional massage has a positive effect. It should be free from sudden movements and pressure. One course usually includes up to 20 procedures with intervals between courses from a couple of weeks to a month.

If conservative methods do not give the desired result and do not eliminate the disease completely, specialists resort to surgical treatment.

Its essence also lies in cutting the bone, but with its own specifics. If necessary, it is possible to increase the length of the lower limbs if they developed unevenly and one leg has become longer than the other with age.

Prevention of pathology

In order for the child’s leg to form correctly, parents should take the following actions:

• choose the right shoes for your baby, strictly in size;
• exclude any causes that may provoke the appearance of deformation;
• provide the child with adequate nutrition, a normal daily routine, and adequate physical activity including walking barefoot on any uneven surfaces;
• equip a wall bars or its equivalent in the children's room.

If parents notice that the baby’s leg is tilting to one side, or there are other signs of deformation, they should immediately consult with an orthopedic doctor.

Treatment: what orthopedists prescribe depending on the pathology

Varus, just like valgus, is treated both conservatively and surgically. But varus deviations are much more difficult to treat.

To correct the varus foot to a normal position, a plaster cast is applied to it, and it should be kept in it for a long period. Splints or other orthopedic devices are also placed on the lower limbs. Properly selected shoes with a high back are also used; a cushion is inserted under the inner arch. Such shoes do not have instep supports, and the sole is equipped with a special roll. In advanced cases of varus manifestations, surgical intervention is prescribed.

In the first stages of varus, the use of various procedures helps well:

• electrophoresis;
• paraffin applications;
• warming rubs;
• magnetic therapy;
• acupuncture;
• salt baths.

Paraffin applications in the early stages
Treatment of hallux valgus is much easier. Surgical operations are used very rarely. Exercise therapy and physiotherapeutic procedures bring the effect. Massage helps very well; it is important to carry out its sessions continuously for two years (10 massages with a break of 3 months). For wearing in shoes, orthopedic insoles and special insoles for them are used. Finger devices and ties are also used.

By following all the recommendations of an orthopedic doctor, you can receive the correct treatment. Varus and valgus disappear faster when swimming, doing exercises on a massage mat that stimulates blood flow, and frequently walking without shoes on sand or grass. Do not forget about regular visits to the orthopedist to monitor the treatment process.