Venous Lake - a common vascular pathology, which is a type of angiomas and occurs as a result of significant dilation of blood vessels. The venous lake looks like a dark blue papule, soft to the touch, reaching a diameter of several millimeters.
Rice. 1. Venous lake is often found on the lower lip
Venous lakes are often multiple and are usually found on:
- Ears;
- Face;
- Lips;
- Neck.
More often, venous lakes appear in older and elderly people. The danger of a venous lake is that even a slight injury to its walls can lead to significant and prolonged bleeding.
Rice. 2. Venous lake often occurs as a result of trauma to the lower lip
On microscopic examination, the venous lake appears as a capillary aneurysm. Usually in the dermis it is possible to detect only one dilated vessel (vein or venule), which has very thin fibrous walls and a thin endothelial lining. With thrombosis of the vessels of the venous lake, its strong resemblance to melanoma may be noted, which is noted by many specialists.
Causes of hematoma formation on the oral mucosa
The general scheme of hematoma formation is as follows: a rupture of a vessel causes the leakage of a certain amount of blood, followed by its compaction and the appearance of a blood clot. A bubble forms, noticeable on the smooth surface of the mucosa due to its dark coloring and relief. Often a similar picture can be observed during teething, when the gums bleed and become inflamed. The formation of multiple small hematomas, covering the entire surface of the mucous membrane in the mouth with unattractive dark spots, looks very unpleasant for the patient. But don’t panic if you suspect you have a serious illness. As practice shows, most of these phenomena occur due to mechanical trauma to the mucous membrane. But there are exceptions when the symptom indicates:
- allergic reaction;
- chronic injury;
- consequences of stressful situations;
- burns or cuts to the mucous membrane.
There have also been cases when multiple hematomas in the oral cavity are signs of:
- diabetes mellitus;
- hypertension;
- renal failure;
- complex types of stomatitis;
- blood diseases;
- vitamin deficiency, which causes fragility of blood vessels.
The exact cause and stage of formation of the pathology can only be determined after a thorough examination and diagnosis. For this reason, you should not self-medicate, so as not to further injure damaged tissues.
Venous lake on the lower lip
Venous lake is often found on the lower lip. It looks like a painless soft nodule of dark blue color.
Rice. 4. Venous lake on the face
Typically, such venous lakes appear in people who are well over 40. However, there are known cases of the appearance of a venous lake at an early age. Often, a venous lake is formed as a result of an injury to the lower lip.
Rice. 5. Venous lake on the upper lip
Rice. 6. Venous lake on the neck
Rice. 7. Dermatoscopy of the venous lake
Laser removal of a venous lake on the lower lip is carried out in two stages:
Stage 1 - laser treatment of the venous lake is carried out at low power for several minutes, which ensures deep penetration of the beam into the angioma tissue and promotes the closure of the lumen of blood vessels and blood clotting.
Stage 2 - the walls of the venous lake and blood clots are removed.
Removal of venous lake is carried out using two types of lasers:
- Nd:YAG laser,
- Diode laser.
Rice. 8. Venous lake under a microscope
Rice. 9A. Venous lake before laser treatment
Rice. 9B. Venous lake after laser treatment
Symptoms of hematomas in the oral cavity
The most noticeable sign is the spread of vesicles with bloody contents throughout the mucosa. Often there are no other symptoms of pathology. Sometimes patients complain of itching and tingling in the area of damaged tissue. Doctors say that this is a reaction to additional chemical and mechanical irritation of the inflamed mucous membrane under the influence of saliva, contact with teeth, etc. When hematomas form on the oral mucosa during tooth eruption, there are sensations of bursting and pressure from within the gum tissue. If inflammation has become a complication of a burn, pain is a logical consequence of mechanical irritation of the mucous membrane.
Signs of the appearance of blood balls on the cheeks in the mouth, requiring immediate examination and diagnosis, are included in a separate group. Among them:
- relatively frequent appearance of a large number of points of inflammation;
- the duration of wound healing, despite the measures taken to treat them;
- hematomas that are too large, interfering with eating and full communication;
- formation of bloody balls on the lips.
Each of these signs can be a symptom of serious disorders in the body. Therefore, the optimal solution would be to refuse self-medication and schedule a consultation with a qualified dentist.
Venous lake removal
Removal of a venous lake can be carried out in several ways:
- Removing a venous lake with a scalpel threatens bleeding during the procedure;
- Cryosurgery and excision of the venous lake with an electrocoagulator are highly traumatic and have a high probability of destruction of adjacent healthy tissue;
- Laser removal of venous lake should be considered the most effective.
Rice. 3. Stages of laser removal of venous lake on the lip
Additional measures to prevent hematomas
To reduce the risk of blood balloons swelling on the oral mucosa, patients are advised to follow a few simple rules:
- avoid salty and spicy foods that irritate the mucous membranes;
- adjust the design of prostheses and orthopedic systems for the jaw apparatus;
- increase the amount of medium-temperature liquid and semi-liquid foods in the diet
We should also not forget about the need to regularly visit the dentist for the timely detection and elimination of diseases of the teeth and gums. This solution will help maintain oral health and avoid a number of serious pathologies with unpleasant symptoms.
Introduction
An analysis of literary sources showed that in the structure of all human neoplasms, 29% are benign tumors and tumor-like formations of soft tissues of the face and neck. Among benign tumors of the soft tissues of the maxillofacial area, hemangiomas undoubtedly deserve special attention, which in 80% of cases are localized on the face and head.
In modern dentistry, there is a wide arsenal of surgical and conservative treatment methods for the treatment of hemangiomas. To remove hemangiomas, traditional surgical operations are used using a scalpel during surgery, cryodestruction, administration of sclerosing agents (70% alcohol, thrombovar, ethoxysklerol, fibrovein), diathermocoagulation, bucchitherapy (ultrasoft x-rays), close-focus radiotherapy, microwave hyperthermia, systemic and local administration of corticosteroid hormones and propranolol. A large number of the methods for removing hemangiomas proposed above have significant drawbacks in the form of risks of scarring complications and associated functional and cosmetic defects, which do not fully allow us to speak about the effective achievement of treatment results for this serious pathology.
Achievements and development of proprietary protocols in the field of laser dentistry have opened up new opportunities in the treatment of vascular anomalies. Modern diode lasers can generate light of a specific wavelength in a narrow part of the spectrum, which will correspond to the absorption line of a number of important chromophores (melanin, hemoglobin, water). In addition, modern dental diode lasers allow you to select the optimal radiation power and regulate the pulse duration.
Based on the study of the mechanisms of action of laser radiation on different types of biological tissue, depending on the wavelength, radiation power and pulse duration, we used the method of selective photothermolysis. The basis of this method is that by selecting the appropriate power and duration of the laser pulse, it is possible to achieve complete thermal damage to the tissue - the target subject to treatment, while minimizing thermal damage to the surrounding healthy tissue.
The introduction of a method of selective thermal ablation of pathological vascular formations localized on the red border of the lips, in our opinion, led to revolutionary changes in the treatment of this pathology.
Fibrosis and compaction - complications after lip contouring
In the first days after the injection of fillers, lumps may appear at the injection site, this is due to the fact that the substance has not yet had time to distribute evenly. Sometimes it happens that a hematoma (bruise) appears due to damage to a vessel. Within a week, it usually resolves, but if the cause of the lump is fibrosis, then the situation is much more complicated and requires your close attention.
Why does fibrosis occur?
The distribution of fillers in the lip occurs gradually, and the effect can last up to 12 months. Immediately after administration of the drug and during the first week, balls are felt under the skin, which dissolve on their own. Clots are nothing more than drops of filler, which is quite natural. Fibrosis is an unpleasant complication when connective tissue grows with the appearance of scar changes.
One of the obvious reasons for the formation of fibrosis is the rejection of a foreign substance by the body . In this case, a well-chosen injection solution can solve this issue. But only a professional cosmetologist can determine the dosage and prescribe the necessary drug that will not aggravate the situation. The doctor will also tell you what care is suitable after lip contouring in your case.
Unobvious reasons for the formation of fibrosis include:
- inexperience of the cosmetologist;
- violation of sanitary norms and rules;
- mechanical damage to the walls of blood vessels;
- counterfeit or low-quality filler;
- violation of the technology and technique of drug administration;
- incorrectly selected dose of the administered substance.
Rehabilitation after lip contouring
Fibrous changes after filler injection can occur anywhere on the face, but a particularly favorite area for localization of compactions is the upper lip. This is due to the fact that the skin here is extremely sensitive, delicate and thin. Swelling may not even arise from the filler, but simply from trauma to the skin with a needle.
Seals on the lips cannot be corrected with makeup. Fibrosis is noticeable to the naked eye, and you won’t be able to hide lumps with lipstick and gloss; rather, on the contrary, you only focus attention on this area. It is possible to get rid of fibrosis in one of two ways: surgical or conservative. In the first case, surgical intervention will be required, and in the second, an external agent with collagenase enzymes. The operation is an extreme measure, which is usually used to extract biogel; most often, gentle methods can be used.
Causes of intradermal hemorrhages
- Domestic injury
Living under time pressure, a person is constantly in a hurry to get somewhere and sometimes does not notice how in the course of his actions he receives some minor injuries or bruises. There is a direct cause-and-effect relationship in this: injury - damaged/burst vessels in the legs - bruise. There will be no injuries - there will be no hemorrhages.
- Phlebeurysm
With this disease, moderate venous hypertension is created in the superficial venous system due to valve incompetence and the formation of blood stagnation in the veins. Along with this, there is already an overstretched, swollen vein (varix - from the Latin swelling), the wall of which becomes thinner (analogy: the more we inflate a balloon, the more likely it is to burst), at some point it cannot stand it and bursts. Therefore, if a vein is swollen in the temple, leg or body, then you need to contact a vascular surgeon/phlebologist. And together with the doctor, plan treatment - from simple lifestyle modification to surgery to remove large veins.
- Non-physiological loads
A modern girl can walk or stand in high heels for 8–10 hours a day, which, in turn, leads to a significant weakening of the mechanisms of venous blood outflow and an increase in venous pressure, hypertension in the legs. This may contribute to the appearance of a bruise. The best solution in this situation is to give up heels or at least reduce the duration of wearing them, increase the volume of dynamic load, which also helps venous outflow.
- Taking hormonal medications containing female sex hormones (including oral contraceptives)
The reason for prescribing hormonal drugs may be banal contraception, treatment of gynecological, dermatological or other group of diseases. These drugs contain female sex hormones, which, in addition to regulating the cycle and the formation of secondary sexual characteristics in women, also affect the vascular system: they provoke bruises on the legs, the vessels become brittle, their elasticity decreases, and the diameter of the veins increases. The decision to discontinue, replace the drug and treat increased vascular fragility is made only after an in-person examination of the patient and review of the medical history. In this case, therapy is carried out by gynecologists, vascular surgeons/phlebologists.
- Condition after respiratory infections
Most viruses (influenza, parainfluenza, coronavirus infection, ARVI) are tropic to vascular structures, and after a person has had one of them, bruises may appear on the body that were not there before. In this situation, the body needs to be given time to recover; you can also include in your diet foods rich in vitamin C (citrus fruits, kiwi, rose hips, sea buckthorn, black currants, parsley, broccoli, sweet red peppers, sauerkraut, etc.), vitamin P ( citrus fruits, buckwheat, black currants, rose hips, raspberries, tomatoes, beets, red bell peppers, asparagus, plums, etc.). It is possible to take synthetic analogues of these drugs, but before doing so, you must see a doctor.
- Vasculitis
A group of diseases that is accompanied by inflammation of the vascular wall, and sometimes by its increased permeability and fragility.
Vasculitis is divided into several types:
- Primary is an independent process in the vascular system, and not a consequence of the pathology of other organs. The group of primary vasculitis, accompanied by the appearance of bruises, includes: Wegener's granulomatosis, Churg-Strauss syndrome, microscopic polyangiitis, Henoch-Schönlein purpura, hypersensitivity vasculitis, cryoglobulinemic vasculitis, Behçet's disease, vasculitis in rheumatic diseases (systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, Sjögren), etc. In such cases, etiotropic therapy of the pathology, that is, treatment of the underlying cause, is carried out by a rheumatologist, and vascular surgeons/phlebologists, cardiologists, and dermatologists help treat the consequences of the disease.
- Secondary - there is another disease (oncological or infectious origin), against the background of which hemorrhages appear on the skin. One example is vasculitis against the background of exacerbation of viral hepatitis. This also includes the previously mentioned respiratory infections. With effective treatment of the underlying disease, bruising on the body disappears.
Unpleasant complications after contouring - swelling and hematomas
From a medical point of view, slight swelling on the lips where the needle was pricked is quite natural. Microtrauma is caused to the vessels, hence the swelling. But it is still worth minimizing possible complications. Use the services of only professional cosmetologists, and follow all doctor’s recommendations. If a lip contouring session has already been performed and the result is not entirely successful, do not delay and immediately seek help from specialists. Attempts at self-medication will only worsen the situation.
Severe swelling is one of the side effects of filler, which is based on hyaluronic acid . Such preparations quite actively sublimate water. This situation is not considered a complication; the swelling subsides within 8–10 days. There are exceptions, but in cases of introducing a large volume of gel. Contrary to popular belief, it is not always possible to get rid of swelling with lymphatic drainage massage. We recommend reading how to remove lip filler without harm to your health.
How can hematomas be dangerous?
Often, a more serious damage to facial tissue is hidden under a hematoma - a fracture. Therefore, most facial soft tissue injuries require careful analysis and careful x-ray examination. For a more detailed study of the bones of the facial skeleton of the skull, we use a computed tomograph. With its help, you can identify even subtle damage to bone structures and prevent possible complications.
Unfortunately, there are “folk methods for treating bruises and hematomas,” which result in complications in the form of their suppuration. Any warming compresses, ointments, bandages can only aggravate this situation.
All that is needed to prevent the process of suppuration is cold, a pressure bandage and a thorough examination by a specialist.
Facial wounds.
Wounds and abrasions on the face have a number of specific features. This is the superficial location of the vessels, the presence of facial muscles, as well as the close location of important organs.
However, wound healing in the maxillofacial area has a high regeneration potential due to increased blood supply and good innervation in the facial area.
What does a swollen lip look like?
No matter how obvious the answer to this question may seem, lip swelling varies depending on the origin of the defect. Both lips can swell evenly; only one lip can be swollen - either the upper or the lower. The tumor itself can be concentrated evenly, in the center, asymmetrically on one side of the lip, only in the corner of the lips.
The only defect may be swelling and swelling of the lip; they can also develop against the background of suppuration, ulceration, and damage to the oral mucosa. A swollen lip is usually accompanied by hyperemia, that is, redness of the surface, pain or discomfort.
In addition, a swollen lip may be characterized by dryness and elasticity of the mucous membrane.