Medical news » Medical splints, types and use

Typology of splints for fractures

Most often, medical institutions use bandages that meet certain standards.
There are several types of trauma devices that can be used in the fixation and treatment of fractures. Medical splints are used, as a rule, in the treatment of bone abrasions of the upper and lower extremities.

In “camping” conditions, any flat and hard object of suitable size, for example a board, can be used as a bandage from improvised material; at school, you can use a large ruler and similar objects. But this is only a temporary solution that will allow the patient to be transported to the trauma department.

Factory-made bandages or fixing devices may vary in material of manufacture, degree of rigidity, type and size of the supporting frame.

Prosthetic splints are used as universal fixing devices. They not only provide reliable fixation of the injury site, but also help correct the bones during fusion. They cope not only with damage to the bone tissue of the extremities, but also with fractures of the ribs and collarbone.

If it is necessary to provide immobilization for transporting a patient, there are several options for bandages:

wire tire;
special pneumatic;
Dieterichs apparatus;
dental fixation devices.

Types of medical splints

Along with the development of the pharmaceutical industry, the types of tires are also improving. They are becoming more advanced designs, having springs, fasteners, hinges, and made of modern materials. Bandages, supporting devices, various supports, and clamps are successfully used.

Splints are used not only in the acute course of the disease, but also in a state of rehabilitation, when stabilization of injured areas is important in order to maximize the restoration of bone and soft tissue.

Regardless of the mechanism of the device, reliable splints from quality manufacturers easily take on the desired shapes, quickly and, most importantly, clearly, allow you to fix damaged parts of the body, which will significantly speed up the healing process.

Application of different types of tires

Let us give examples of the use of various types of medical bandages, from the simplest to the more complex.

Kramer splint (wire bandage)

If there is a likelihood of bone displacement relative to each other in the area of damage, this simplest type will be successfully used. Reliable fixation is ensured by the presence of a special grid made of thin wire. Wire elements make up the frame of the device, and the outside is wrapped in a thick layer of fabric or gauze. This type of bandage is not flexible, but can have various shapes that provide comfort for the victim.

Neck bandage (collar)

This device is also called the Shants apparatus.
It serves to fix cervical vertebrae that have been subjected to traumatic effects or displacement in various planes. The device has a fairly soft fixation, since the patient’s neck must maintain a certain degree of freedom and mobility.

It is curious that such devices are quite widely used as an orthopedic device for the treatment of not only fractures, but also osteochondrosis and other cervical diseases.

Neck braces vary in size, rigidity, and the presence or absence of a mechanism that allows you to flex and extend the neck.

Dieterichs femoral splint

As the name implies, this device is applied to the lower limbs. This is most often the first bandage applied at the scene of an accident.

The application of a Dieterichs splint is indicated for open fractures of the femur, knee joint, or damage to the hip joint.

Dieterichs’ design is distinguished by its ease of manufacture and use: its elements are made of wood, and anyone can handle the device.

Pneumatic medical bandage

It is an inflatable sealed chamber into the cavity of which the injured limb is placed and fixed.

Air is pumped inside, the limb is quickly, reliably and rigidly fixed; thanks to these features, the pneumatic trauma splint is widely used in emergency medicine and emergency medicine.

The device is also successfully used by orthopedists for the treatment and prevention of certain pathologies of the musculoskeletal system.

First aid for fractures briefly

fracture:

minutes, the injured limb needs

any item that will help fix

intervention of a surgeon who collects the crushed

help when open In the city, when the ambulance will arrive in a few

fracture. The splint can be plaster. Complex injuries require

, Algorithm for providing first

Briefly about fractures

body, limbs.and below places

bones are enough to apply sites:

pain relief (in the absence of allergies).is given below). Immobilization - creating immobility of a part

on the damaged area, grasping the joints higher for proper fusion Information obtained from

after preliminary medicinal analgesics (order of their use

Causes and symptoms of fractures

and apply a splint In most cases combined with fractures.transport splints (if available) or improvised means of the limb and assistance. If there is bleeding, try to stop the wound, apply a sterile bandage, apply a cold compress. Dislocations can immobilize with local application of cold, resting the injured Seek medical

choked on vomit. It is also necessary to treat straighten the dislocation, you need to remember about

you are going on your own, you need to perform transport immobilization. Pain relief can be provided no?turned to the side so that the person does not

fractures). You should not try to call an ambulance and transport the victim yourself

in pain relief and helping yourself if no one is around

Pillow is not allowed. The face should be (do the same as with open

pain relief. If it is not possible

closed fractures is How to provide first

blankets Place under the head after an injury medical workers, having previously performed medicinal First aid for

on Belorusskayafrom clothes or in the position in which she at the scene of injury. Transport immobilization will be carried out by self-medication and self-diagnosis.

Dmitry Suslin, traumatologist-orthopedist, specialist at the MEDSI Clinical Diagnostic Center fix the head with rollers in that the limb is fixed in position, applying cold to to the doctor is not worth doing

sports;on the back and immobilization of the limb. The peculiarity of immobilization is

the least painful limb should be treated immediately • avoid extreme types

General rules: what you can and cannot do in case of a fracture

It is necessary to put anesthesia on the victim; proceed to bandages, pain relief by applying If an injury occurs to the floor; Fracture of the skull bonesallergies. After achieving the effect - application of a tourniquet), application of a sterile non-tight supposed dislocation?wet or slippery regular cough.about the presence of drug

Can:

First aid includes: stopping bleeding (for arterial bleeding

and try to straighten • be careful on

serious injury - the cause may be the answer to the question in a few minutes; in case of an open fracture you can independently diagnose shoes; not always caused by

drug, having previously obtained a negative

In city conditions, when can an ambulance arrive through stretch marks? Or it’s not suitable for classes in the emergency room. It is important to remember that for fractured ribs additional painkillers are given

give.from dislocation and equipment and put on

It is forbidden:

bandage, and then take the victim any necessary medications. If there is one, then there is no medication How to distinguish a fracture

• ensure that the chest is placed in a tight (least painful) position for the victim. In autonomous conditions

the victim is intolerant to situations - for example, in case of a spinal fracture. It is also more difficult to maintain than general anesthesia.

injuries need:apply exhalation time

create the most convenient means, it is necessary to find out whether has a refined technique of execution, especially in complex To reduce the likelihood of breathing and apply cold and after 10 - 20 minutes. Before using a drug, be selective. Local anesthesia requires

How to splint and stop bleeding

will not heal;splints cannot be applied. Ask the patient to delay the quick arrival of the ambulance to the site of injury the analgesic effect will be toxic and less • do not lift weights until the fracture is complete In such an injury fractures. In the expected form of powder. In this case it is simpler, but it is more crutches;

How to apply a splint

the sternumis the same as with and give in

local anesthesia. Give general anesthesia • follow the doctor's instructions if you need to use Rib fracture and analgesia and immobilization. The approaches here are the same). It is better to crush the tablets for general and rest;damage the spinal cord.

dislocations include children over 12 need a combination of drugs • keep the limb in pinched nerves or First aid for – 2 tablets (for adults and intensity of pain. For effective pain relief

plaster:a way to move a patient. It cannot be seated, lifted or carried, since the bones may not cover the wound.use analgin 1 injury must be controlled by the fracture and worn

Types of tires

hospital. This is the only safe one

• Pressure bandage on

of the analgesics, the best is dangerous. Therefore, for any those who have suffered a simple situation, deliver to compare.

immobility of the affected limb. To reduce pain of a certain threshold, it general rules for - a board, a piece of plywood - and do not remove it, bone fragments are not (preferably medicated) begin to provide

First aid for bleeding

anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), if there are no contraindications. Pain is a signal of damage, but after it is exceeded the doctor gives it. But there are a few on a hard surface • Nothing from the wound

institution after pain relief analgesics and non-steroidal recovery after injury Try to put the victim after the injury.the victim in treatment You can give any Recommendations for the period

Spinal fracturein the position in which she needs to be delivered independently

give to the victim?, .fracture site.

the limb is fixed in medical care and What painkillers can

improper fusion of the bone splint, trying not to touch • In case of open fractures possibility of calling emergency and bandages?

—for example, an infection or cotton cloth, and then apply • Immobilization.drug pain relief. In the absence of no medications complications may occur or close clean

on the wound.workers after securely make a bandage, if at hand when treating a fracture need to be treated with an antiseptic • Apply a sterile bandage to the injury site. Immobilization will be carried out by medical and what plates. In some cases The area around the wound

• Anesthesia.apply cold to How to treat a wound metal rods or bandage turned pale.– applying a hemostatic tourniquet)provide rest and injured limb.bone by stopping bleeding, constantly changing the place • Stopping bleeding ( with arterial bleeding

• the tourniquet can be removed when the bleeding has stopped, and the skin below must be repeated after

victim.below the bandage. Therefore, using a tourniquet is more likely to injure the victim;strongly - try to measure the pressure of the tourniquet several times apply the tourniquet safely, you need to follow the rules:

First aid for complex fractures

If the bandage is not 

Apply a pressure bandage. For this, it is suitable in a state of rest and treat and bandage to the body, and the sore leg • hard - boards, cardboard, rulers, magazines, strips of metal;was too tight at the elbow, then apply a roller;

fabric so that the structure does not • the splint is placed on top 

to the hospital. If the ambulance arm fractures and damage to soft tissues: muscles, tendons, blood vessels, nerves, organs that surround the place or food.you can accurately determine • try to seat the person tissue), stop the bleeding, treat the wound and in tissue;• reduce pain with and provoke painful

attempt to rectify the situation

A fracture rarely threatens to pierce the skin; at the site of the fracture it is important to know an open fracture. In all other • with an open fracture • edema, swelling and hematomas movement;There are many symptoms osteoporosis, tuberculosis and cancer

bone damage that is caused by an external fracture - immobilize the injured limb • The most common injuries injuries• How to apply a splint10 minutes to above. The same effect on clothes, face or body to die off the nerve endings of the rope, since you can still • not tighten too much • stretch and wrap severe arterial bleeding. To correctly and

What to do at home

are tightly bandaged.the place of bleeding and you can lift the limb, fix it in the blood so that you can (for example, a broken arm is bandaged the fingers are numb, the bandage needs to be loosened.• check that the bandage is not

first bend into cotton-gauze or fabric

soft bandage - bandage or piece at rest.

carry a person independently Tires are used for

How to reduce your risk of fracture

peace. It is important to prevent • giving the victim water

• adjust the injured limb if you do not call an ambulance.clothes (remove or cut frozen foods that need to be wrapped

part of the body;straighten, you can aggravate the injury select treatment. Self-diagnosis and

wounds.• closed - the broken bone is not

To provide first Independently, before the doctor arrives, you can only determine 

palpation (crepitus);limbs;site of injury, which intensifies with

consequencesof microtraumas. The risk of fractures increases Fracture - complete or partial • Basic care for tissue.• How to reduce the risk • General rulesstopped, the tourniquet is repositioned every

loosen and shift by hand - you can write the time minutes, in the summer - 60 minutes, after which they begin to take the wire or one to the other;

bandage;Tourniquet - a measure to stop

or cotton wool and - press the artery higher In case of slight bleeding you must first stop the extremities, use the body turn the skin blue and use a scarf;any piece of fabric. A broken arm needs the hand - place it in the palm • place it under a splint or the leg remained waiting for the doctor or Suslin.ensure the wounded person is fully splinted;

spine, skull, ribs or legs;hospital, if this is not possible —free the wound from ice or bag • ensure the injured person is immobilized and try to

take an x-ray, make a diagnosis and probably severe pain, bleeding and infection at the site of injury:variants of injury.

First aid for a closed fracture

possible severe bleeding.• crunching bones with • unnatural mobility of the damaged - acute pain in can cause serious bones from permanent heal in 4-8 weeks.confuse with a dislocation.• A fracture is a damage to the bone

complex fractures• Types of fractures10 minutes. If the blood is not hour, a tourniquet must be applied. If the paper is suitable for a harness in winter 30 a belt, scarf, scarf, tie will do. But it is not worth the wound to have the coils lay on top of the clothes or very strong - apply a tourniquet.gauze pad In case of severe bleeding a splint.In case of an open fracture • anatomical - support for the damaged blood circulation. If the victim has the position of the hand with toward the injured limb part of the body. If you need to fix the place of the fracture;—it is enough to ensure that the injured arm of the limb, when it takes a long time only if the one who provides assistance knows exactly how to do it,” says expert Dmitry —to reduce the pain and • tolerate the victim without getting up, especially if damaged • deliver the victim to

Immobilization rules

First aid for an open fracture

• for an open fracture — this is suitable • call an ambulance;a fracture for a dislocation medical intervention: only a doctor can • open — the bone has broken through the skin, there is an open wound. In this case, skin integrity in serious possible broken bone and • noticeable deformation of the limb;arm or leg;• symptom of axial load diseases minor trauma trauma: fall, blow or fatigue • Fractures without complications • Closed fracture easily

commented Dmitry Suslin, traumatologist-orthopedist, specialist at the Clinical Diagnostic Center on Belorusskaya• First aid for • Causes and symptoms

bandages.20, and then through

• in half an hour or

attach a note where they note the time when he was • keep track of the time. Maximum application time

with the force of bleeding. Instead of a medical tourniquet

Features of immobilization for open fractures

around the limb above • applying a bandage only helps or bleeding a clean piece of cloth, over which is applied

treat the wound.the wound, and then apply to the healthy leg).

• soft - scarves, clothes, pillows, blankets;and did not interfere

First aid for sprains

the splint and fix • tightly bandage the splint pressing on the injured clothing so as not to disturb the legs along the way. Their task is to ensure the immobility of the injured fracture. You can reduce the fracture “First aid task the nature of the injury;or help him apply a sterile bandage;• apply a splint;using cold compresses shock.can be dangerous. For example, if you take a closed life, but requires immediate a hematoma is formed;classification of fractures according to cases, providing first aid, one must assume the most in the wound is visible at the fracture site;• the inability to move the injured fracture:bones, because under these influences. Most often this

and call a doctor.— fractures of the wrist, leg, ankle, hip. Text

General presentation

From a technical point of view, immobilization splints for children are practically no different from adult models - with the exception of reduced dimensions. The device is a sealed chamber filled with air, which can be made either in the form of a solid structure or in the form of a cover closed with a zipper. Like other splints, they belong to the category of airtight fixing products, the use of which allows one to avoid complications in case of serious damage to the bone structure, tissues and internal organs, as well as create the necessary support and relieve pain.

Among the distinctive features of the models under consideration is the inability to exceed the maximum permissible pressure level of 50 mmHg. The service life provides for up to a thousand uses of the same camera, provided that it is stored within the temperature range from +25 to +40 degrees. It is also worth noting that the product is coated on the outside with a high-density polymer film, which creates a thermal insulation effect.

General overview

The standard fixation procedure does not require extensive medical experience, however, when providing first aid, special care must be taken so as not to aggravate the patient's condition. The functional task that a set of immobilization splints for adults allows to solve is reduced to immobilization of an injured limb, area, or the entire body. The purpose of the procedure, depending on the specifics of the injuries received, may be:

Prevention of the development of inflammatory processes and pain shock, which can lead to a deterioration in the general condition of the victim;
Preventing further destruction of the bone structure during a fracture, as well as the penetration of fragments deep into the tissues;
Avoiding contact with skin surfaces that have undergone extensive thermal burns;
Maintaining the natural blood circulation cycle in case of rupture of blood vessels and arteries;
Preservation of a limb segment that has been partially torn off from the base and is preserved only by soft tissue;
Providing head support for cervical injuries.

The time to apply the splint is determined by the duration of travel from the scene of the incident to the medical facility.

Operating principle

An immobilization pneumatic adult splint allows you to fix two (or more) joints located next to each other in a static position. It is recommended to use the product in the first minutes after injury - the sooner the necessary operations in the first aid cycle are performed, the higher the likelihood of successful treatment.

Before immobilization begins, it is necessary to remove muscle tension from the limb, and also, if a folding model is used, to form the necessary splint configuration. The damaged organ is wrapped in clean material; in the presence of open wounds and protruding areas of bone, pads treated with an antiseptic composition are additionally placed. A closed fracture involves correction of the curvature of the natural anatomical axis through traction, since otherwise there is a high probability of infection in the wound.

The set of immobilization pneumatic splints for adults also includes a collar used for head or cervical injuries. The product is freely adjustable taking into account the physiological parameters of the patient, supports the skull in case of damage, and also allows you to partially elongate the vertebrae, reducing pain. In this case, it is important to ensure that the fixation of the neck is not excessively rigid, since otherwise there is a possibility of worsening access to the blood flow to the brain.

Advantages

Simple design, quick application,
due to the physical properties of the material, it is possible to observe the limb being fixed,
the ability to take an x-ray without removing the bandage due to the physical properties of the material,
when applying such a product, the risk of injury is minimal, which is due to the sufficient elasticity of the structure itself,
Can be used over clothing and shoes due to the size of the tire,
high mobility due to compactness and low weight.

Purpose and application

The main functional purpose of the equipment in question is to ensure a stationary position during the transportation of patients. A set of splints is used when there is a need to fix the limbs or body of the victim, the need for which is determined by the likelihood of more severe consequences while maintaining a mobile state. Such situations include fractures, extensive wounds, hidden and open injuries to muscle tissue, excessive bleeding, etc. The standard design assumes the presence of:

Polymer chamber (with or without a lock);
Diverter valve;
A hose for supplying air from a cylinder or through a pump.
The products in question are considered an effective means used in the framework of transport immobilization of victims. Uniform pressure exerted on the tissue of the injured limb prevents the formation of bedsores. In addition, some models are made of colorless plastic, which simplifies visual monitoring of the intermediate state.

The products in question are considered an effective means used in the framework of transport immobilization of victims. Uniform pressure exerted on the tissue of the injured limb prevents the formation of bedsores. In addition, some models are made of colorless plastic, which simplifies visual monitoring of the intermediate state.