Gout is a chronic disease based on metabolic (purine) disorders. With this disease, uric acid salts (urates) accumulate in the body. An excess of these salts disrupts the normal functioning of the kidneys and joints.
Treatment of this disease is complex and an important part is diet. The main goal of the diet for gout is to reduce the daily energy value of food and reduce the intake of exogenous purines into the body.
If you have
gout
, you should regularly
undergo preventive treatment
.
General rules. Duration of the diet.
General nutrition rules for gout:
- Eat food in small portions. Overeating should not be allowed.
- The daily diet should include hot dishes, semi-liquid foods, fresh vegetable salads, and seasonal fruits.
- The number of meals per day should be no more than 4.
- Complete abstinence from alcohol
- You can’t arrange “fasting” days in the form of a head
The diet must be followed constantly; the slightest errors in the diet will contribute to the accumulation of purines in the body and deterioration of joint and kidney function.
Diet recipes
Below are recipes for some dietary dishes and the technology for their preparation.
First meal
Light puree soup
1 carrot, 1 onion, 2 tablespoons lemon juice, ½ teaspoon sugar, 2 tablespoons sunflower oil, 30 g cream.
We clean and chop the vegetables. Place the cooked carrots and onions in a pan with heated oil, put on the fire, and simmer for 7-8 minutes. Blend until puree. Add lemon juice, sugar and let it boil; when serving, add cream to the plate.
Second courses
Steamed chicken meatballs with gravy
Steamed chicken meatballs
Chicken fillet 350 g, 70 g onions, 30 ml milk, 1 chicken egg, 150 g boiled rice, 70 g white bread, pepper. Salt, herbs. For the gravy: 150 g carrots, 200 ml chicken broth, 50 g herbs, 70 g onions, vegetable oil, 50 g sour cream, 15 g wheat flour, salt, pepper, green onions for serving.
Cut the chicken fillet, put it in a blender, add onions, a raw chicken egg and bread soaked in milk, pepper, and dry dill. Grind thoroughly. Add boiled cold rice, fine table salt and mix the minced meatballs, let it sit for 20 minutes in the refrigerator. Form meatballs and steam for 6-8 minutes.
Sauté onions and carrots, add chicken broth, herbs, wheat flour, salt to taste and sour cream. Warm up over low heat. Place the steamed meatballs into the prepared gravy and cook for another 5-6 minutes, sprinkle with green onions.
Cottage cheese casserole
3 chicken eggs, 100 g semolina, 100 g sugar, 2 packs of cottage cheese, 200 g low-fat sour cream, dried fruits, salt, soda, slaked with lemon juice.
Mix all ingredients thoroughly, add 0.5 teaspoon of soda, slaked with lemon juice, and raisins. Pour the resulting mass into the prepared baking dish and bake in the oven at 180 degrees until lightly browned.
Nutrition for acute gout
Exacerbation of gout is accompanied by a number of unpleasant symptoms:
One of the signs of an exacerbation of gout is attacks of acute arthritis. Such attacks develop suddenly. Two to three days before the attack, chills, low-grade fever, dyspeptic disorders, and general irritability may appear. During an attack, the metatarsophalangeal joint of the first toe is most often affected. Pain appears and quickly increases, the joint swells, the skin over it turns red, and the temperature in the joint area rises. The pain intensifies from any touch, even from touching the sore joint to the blanket. After a few days, the symptoms of arthritis gradually subside, mobility is restored and the patient feels practically healthy until the next attack.
During the period of exacerbation of the disease, you need to switch to an almost vegetarian diet. It is necessary to completely exclude all meat and fish from the diet. You can eat liquid milk porridges, vegetable soups, fruits and berries. Maintain drinking regime. You need to drink about 1.5 liters of water per day. You can drink alkaline mineral water.
Fully or partially limited products
The diet limits the consumption of red meat (beef, lamb, pork) and strictly excludes the intake of animal by-products (beef tongue, pork liver kidneys, heart), as well as fatty varieties of sea fish and seafood (herring, mackerel, salmon, salmon, shrimp, mussels ), caviar and canned fish. It is not allowed to include any smoked, salted or pickled foods, animal (pork, beef, lamb) or cooking fat or butter in the diet. Soups and broths containing meat, fish and legumes are excluded.
Products rich in vegetable proteins (peas, beans, lentils, soybeans, beans), hot and spicy seasonings and spices (horseradish, mustard pepper), as well as products containing oxalic acid (sorrel, spinach, gelatin-containing dishes, bread kvass) are completely excluded , cocoa, coffee, jelly, chocolate, rhubarb). The ban includes cakes, cream pies, salty and spicy cheeses and a number of berries - raspberries, grapes, cranberries, figs.
The consumption of foods rich in carbohydrates in the diet is limited: pasta, fresh bread. It is undesirable to eat peppers, radishes, asparagus, and celery. Drinks include strong tea and black coffee. Drinking alcohol-containing drinks, especially red wines, beer and cognac, is prohibited. Limit consumption of salt, sweetened juices and soft drinks.
Table of prohibited products
| Proteins, g | Fats, g | Carbohydrates, g | Calories, kcal | |
Vegetables and greens | ||||
| beans | 6,0 | 0,1 | 8,5 | 57 |
| peas | 6,0 | 0,0 | 9,0 | 60 |
| cauliflower | 2,5 | 0,3 | 5,4 | 30 |
| chickpeas | 19,0 | 6,0 | 61,0 | 364 |
| rhubarb | 0,7 | 0,1 | 2,5 | 13 |
| radish | 1,2 | 0,1 | 3,4 | 19 |
| soybeans | 34,9 | 17,3 | 17,3 | 381 |
| asparagus | 1,9 | 0,1 | 3,1 | 20 |
| beans | 7,8 | 0,5 | 21,5 | 123 |
| horseradish | 3,2 | 0,4 | 10,5 | 56 |
| lentils | 24,0 | 1,5 | 42,7 | 284 |
| sorrel | 1,5 | 0,3 | 2,9 | 19 |
Fruits | ||||
| figs | 0,7 | 0,2 | 13,7 | 49 |
Berries | ||||
| cranberry | 0,5 | 0,0 | 6,8 | 26 |
| raspberries | 0,8 | 0,5 | 8,3 | 46 |
Flour and pasta | ||||
| pasta | 10,4 | 1,1 | 69,7 | 337 |
Chocolate | ||||
| chocolate | 5,4 | 35,3 | 56,5 | 544 |
Raw materials and seasonings | ||||
| mustard | 5,7 | 6,4 | 22,0 | 162 |
| mayonnaise | 2,4 | 67,0 | 3,9 | 627 |
Meat products | ||||
| pork | 16,0 | 21,6 | 0,0 | 259 |
| pork liver | 18,8 | 3,6 | 0,0 | 108 |
| pork kidneys | 13,0 | 3,1 | 0,0 | 80 |
| salo | 2,4 | 89,0 | 0,0 | 797 |
| beef | 18,9 | 19,4 | 0,0 | 187 |
| beef liver | 17,4 | 3,1 | 0,0 | 98 |
| beef brains | 9,5 | 9,5 | 0,0 | 124 |
| mutton | 15,6 | 16,3 | 0,0 | 209 |
| bacon | 23,0 | 45,0 | 0,0 | 500 |
Sausages | ||||
| smoked sausage | 28,2 | 27,5 | 0,0 | 360 |
Fish and seafood | ||||
| pink salmon | 20,5 | 6,5 | 0,0 | 142 |
| Red caviar | 32,0 | 15,0 | 0,0 | 263 |
| squid | 21,2 | 2,8 | 2,0 | 122 |
| shrimps | 22,0 | 1,0 | 0,0 | 97 |
| salmon | 19,8 | 6,3 | 0,0 | 142 |
| mussels | 9,1 | 1,5 | 0,0 | 50 |
| herring | 16,3 | 10,7 | — | 161 |
| salmon | 21,6 | 6,0 | — | 140 |
| mackerel | 18,0 | 13,2 | 0,0 | 191 |
| sprats | 17,4 | 32,4 | 0,4 | 363 |
Oils and fats | ||||
| animal fat | 0,0 | 99,7 | 0,0 | 897 |
| cooking fat | 0,0 | 99,7 | 0,0 | 897 |
Alcoholic drinks | ||||
| red dessert wine | 0,5 | 0,0 | 20,0 | 172 |
| vodka | 0,0 | 0,0 | 0,1 | 235 |
| cognac | 0,0 | 0,0 | 0,1 | 239 |
| liquor | 0,3 | 1,1 | 17,2 | 242 |
| beer | 0,3 | 0,0 | 4,6 | 42 |
Non-alcoholic drinks | ||||
| coffee | 0,2 | 0,0 | 0,3 | 2 |
| black tea | 20,0 | 5,1 | 6,9 | 152 |
| * data is per 100 g of product | ||||
Nutrition for chronic gout
Outside of an exacerbation of the disease, it is necessary to follow a diet low in purines. It is useful to include dishes with plenty of vegetables in your diet. You can eat fruits and berries. Only vegetarian soups can be prepared.
It is mandatory to take fluids on an empty stomach and between meals. The best way to prepare food is by boiling and stewing. Meat, poultry and fish must be pre-boiled and the first broth drained, as it contains a large amount of purines. Meat and fish dishes can be consumed no more than two to three times a week.
Fasting days are held once a week. Fasting days activate the removal of metabolic products. On these days, you are allowed to eat one type of food. It can be low-fat kefir, cottage cheese, apples, watermelon. On fasting days you need to drink at least two and a half liters of water, but only if there are no contraindications from the urinary and cardiovascular systems.
Authorized Products
It is recommended to include most vegetables in the diet: white cabbage, carrots, zucchini, tomatoes, eggplant, cucumbers. Potatoes are especially useful. Fruits - plums, pears, apples, apricots, oranges and various berries.
It is recommended to cook various cereals with diluted milk and whole grain pasta. Meat in small quantities can include turkey, rabbit, and chicken. Soups are only allowed to be made vegetarian. The diet should include low-fat milk, fermented milk drinks, cottage cheese and dishes made from it, low-fat sour cream, and unsalted cheese.
It is allowed to eat chicken eggs (one per day) and boiled fish, white (dried) and black bread. Fats include vegetable oils (olive, flaxseed). Sweets included in the diet include marshmallows, marshmallows, marmalade, and non-chocolate candies. Be sure to include cucumber juice, lingonberry juice, and weakly mineralized alkaline mineral waters in your diet. Drink - decoction of rose hips, chicory, wheat bran, green tea, compotes, juices of vegetables, fruits, berries.
Table of permitted products
| Proteins, g | Fats, g | Carbohydrates, g | Calories, kcal | |
Vegetables and greens | ||||
| eggplant | 1,2 | 0,1 | 4,5 | 24 |
| zucchini | 0,6 | 0,3 | 4,6 | 24 |
| potato | 2,0 | 0,4 | 18,1 | 80 |
| carrot | 1,3 | 0,1 | 6,9 | 32 |
| cucumbers | 0,8 | 0,1 | 2,8 | 15 |
| tomatoes | 0,6 | 0,2 | 4,2 | 20 |
Fruits | ||||
| apricots | 0,9 | 0,1 | 10,8 | 41 |
| oranges | 0,9 | 0,2 | 8,1 | 36 |
| pears | 0,4 | 0,3 | 10,9 | 42 |
| plums | 0,8 | 0,3 | 9,6 | 42 |
| apples | 0,4 | 0,4 | 9,8 | 47 |
Nuts and dried fruits | ||||
| prunes | 2,3 | 0,7 | 57,5 | 231 |
Bakery products | ||||
| wheat bread | 8,1 | 1,0 | 48,8 | 242 |
| bran bread | 7,5 | 1,3 | 45,2 | 227 |
Confectionery | ||||
| jam | 0,3 | 0,2 | 63,0 | 263 |
| marshmallows | 0,8 | 0,0 | 78,5 | 304 |
| paste | 0,5 | 0,0 | 80,8 | 310 |
Raw materials and seasonings | ||||
| honey | 0,8 | 0,0 | 81,5 | 329 |
Dairy | ||||
| milk | 3,2 | 3,6 | 4,8 | 64 |
| kefir 2.5% | 2,8 | 2,5 | 3,9 | 50 |
| Ryazhenka 2.5% | 2,9 | 2,5 | 4,2 | 54 |
| curdled milk | 2,9 | 2,5 | 4,1 | 53 |
| acidophilus | 2,8 | 3,2 | 3,8 | 57 |
| yogurt | 4,3 | 2,0 | 6,2 | 60 |
Cheeses and cottage cheese | ||||
| sulguni cheese | 20,0 | 24,0 | 0,0 | 290 |
| cottage cheese 0.6% (low fat) | 18,0 | 0,6 | 1,8 | 88 |
Meat products | ||||
| rabbit | 21,0 | 8,0 | 0,0 | 156 |
Bird | ||||
| chicken | 16,0 | 14,0 | 0,0 | 190 |
| turkey | 19,2 | 0,7 | 0,0 | 84 |
Eggs | ||||
| chicken eggs | 12,7 | 10,9 | 0,7 | 157 |
Oils and fats | ||||
| butter | 0,5 | 82,5 | 0,8 | 748 |
| linseed oil | 0,0 | 99,8 | 0,0 | 898 |
| olive oil | 0,0 | 99,8 | 0,0 | 898 |
Non-alcoholic drinks | ||||
| green tea | 0,0 | 0,0 | 0,0 | — |
Juices and compotes | ||||
| juice | 0,3 | 0,1 | 9,2 | 40 |
| cucumber juice | 0,8 | 0,1 | 2,5 | 14 |
| * data is per 100 g of product | ||||
Comments from nutritionists. Pros and cons of the diet.
Treatment of gout at the Gorny sanatorium necessarily includes dietary nutrition. Patients receive recommendations on how to eat properly if they have gout at home, which helps avoid exacerbations and complications.
“The right choice of a sanatorium is a significant step towards maintaining and increasing health. “Gorny” is a resort complex that combines the experience and knowledge of Russian and Soviet balneology. The presence of modern medical equipment and innovative installations, the professionalism of the staff and love for their work will serve as the key to extending longevity,” - head doctor of the sanatorium Alexander Olegovich Karaulov.
Purines are not scary at all
Today, very often, from various channels, we are bombarded with tons of information that purines are terribly harmful substances. Well, we will reassure you: purines are not as scary as they are portrayed to be.
We can say that they are not scary at all - after all, for example, without these substances there would be neither DNA nor RNA, and this alone sounds frightening.
And caffeine is also purine, which for coffee lovers is perhaps the main argument in their favor.
Purines are found almost everywhere: in the cells of our body, in the cells of animals and plants - their quantity is replenished along with the diet every day.
And when cells are destroyed, purines, which cannot, according to all the laws of chemistry, disappear into nowhere, turn into uric acid.
Literature:
- Zhelyabina O.V., Eliseev M.S. Diet for gout and hyperuricemia. — Scientific and practical rheumatology, 2021. — 55(4).
- Gromova M.A., Tsurko V.V., Melekhina A.S. A rationally based approach to nutrition in patients with gout. — Clinician, 2021. — 3–4, volume 13.
- Khitrov. ON THE. Gout is the queen of diseases and the disease of kings (10 commandments of gout). - Medical Council, 2012. - No. 3.
- Barskova V.G., Eliseev M.S., Nasonova V.A., Nasonov E.L. Alcohol and the clinical picture of patients with gout. - Modern rheumatology, 2007. - No. 1.
The text was checked by expert doctors: Head of the socio-psychological service of the Alkoklinik MC, psychologist Yu.P. Baranova, L.A. Serova, a psychiatrist-narcologist.
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