Bubnovsky - exercises for the spine and pain relief

Therapeutic exercises have long been considered an effective way to combat the symptoms of a hernia at any stage of its manifestation. Surgical intervention is used very rarely, and therefore, the main trump card in the medical tactics of treating a hernia is a set of gymnastic exercises developed and successfully patented by Dr. Bubnovsky.

Spinal hernia has long been a common problem in medicine, and more and more people are faced with such an unpleasant disease. It can affect different parts of the spine, causing not only unpleasant symptoms, but also in advanced form, significantly worsening the quality of life.

Spinal hernia

The term intervertebral hernia means displacement of the nucleus pulposus of the intervertebral disc, followed by rupture of the fibrous ring. Hernias of discs in the intervertebral space of the sacrolumbar region are more common, approximately 150 cases per 100,000 population per year.

Less commonly, hernias form in the cervical spine, and even less often in the thoracic spine. In 48% of cases, hernias are located at the L5-S1 level of the sacrolumbar region, in 46% of cases - at the L4-L5 level, the remaining 6% at other levels or at several levels of the sacrolumbar region.

Hernias of the spinal column are characterized by very unpleasant symptoms, depending on their location, size and shape.

Types of vertebral hernias are discussed in more detail in the second part of the material.

Characteristics of pain

A hernia of the lumbar spine is characterized by severe pain. It can be aching or dull in nature. The pain can be so severe that body movements are severely limited, pain intensifies when coughing, standing or sitting. Relief occurs only in a lying position, when there is no load.

When making any movements in the presence of a herniated spine, for example, changing body position or sudden movements, acute shooting pain occurs in the lumbar region.

If the fifth lumbar vertebra is damaged, the pain syndrome is localized in the big toe of the lower limb. If the hernial protrusion is located between the sacral and lumbar vertebrae, then the pain is localized in the sacral region, the back of the leg.

Sacrolumbar hernia is very dangerous for women, since the pelvic organs are located nearby. If a hernia of the lumbar spine occurs, circulatory problems in these organs may begin, which can subsequently lead to disruption of the menstrual cycle, as well as chronic diseases of the uterus.

Due to the pathology of the spine, the smooth muscles of this area are very tense. With prolonged stress, curvature of the spine is possible.

With an intervertebral hernia of the lumbar region, compression of the nerve roots occurs. This leads to loss of skin sensitivity, which is manifested by dry skin.

The pain syndrome increases over time, and the mobility of the torso decreases sharply. Sometimes, the problem is so serious that a person’s knee reflex may temporarily disappear and the sensitivity of the big toe may disappear. In the future, the disease can lead to paralysis of the lower limbs.

Other hernia symptoms

Clinical manifestations of degenerative changes in the intervertebral disc in the lumbosacral spine:

• local pain in the projection area of ​​the affected disc - in the lumbosacral region (lumbodynia), intensifying with exercise;
• pain radiating to the buttock, along the posterior, posterior surface of the thigh and lower leg on the affected side (ischalgia), numbness and tingling in the area of ​​innervation of the affected roots, weakness in the lower limb;
• weakness and loss of sensation in both legs;
• dysfunction of the pelvic organs - urination, defecation and potency, numbness in the perianogenital area.

Clinical manifestations of degenerative changes in the cervical spine:

• pain radiating to the shoulder or arm;
• dizziness;
• rises in blood pressure;
• a combination of headaches with high blood pressure and dizziness;
• numbness of fingers.

Clinical manifestations of degenerative changes in the thoracic spine:

• constant pain in the thoracic region when working in a forced position;
• a combination of pain in the thoracic spine with scoliosis or kyphoscoliosis.

Efficiency

Therapeutic exercise for osteochondrosis slows down its development, restores functions that were impaired due to the disease and is effective at any stage of the disease.

Exercise therapy for osteochondrosis has a number of advantages, therefore it is used with great popularity, especially training for the spine is necessary during the acute stage and as a preventive measure.

Experts say that regular exercise can relieve problems with the spine. The main thing is not to forget to do exercises that last up to 20 minutes a day.

You can learn more about the benefits of exercise therapy for osteochondrosis of the thoracic spine here.

Diagnostics

If you have symptoms that raise suspicion of a lumbar disc hernia, you should consult a neurologist. The doctor collects anamnesis to determine the possible causes of the disease.

An X-ray examination will not provide an accurate picture of the disease, so patients are referred to undergo magnetic resonance imaging.

MRI allows you to determine the size of the hernial protrusion, the width of the intervertebral canal, the presence of protrusions, inflammatory changes and other pathologies of the spinal column.

Making an accurate diagnosis will allow you to determine treatment tactics in the future.

Contraindications to massage

The main contraindications to the use of any massage techniques are:

• Development of a herniated disc with the risk of compression of the spinal canal.
• Infectious processes or inflammation of soft tissues.
• Tumor formation.
• Serious damage to the nervous system.
• Postoperative period.
• Exacerbation of any chronic pathology.
• Open skin lesions, rashes, fungus, abrasions or eczema.
• Disruption of normal blood flow due to varicose veins or vascular pathologies.
• History of heart attack or stroke.
• Blood diseases.
• Fever or cold.

In such cases, external influences can adversely affect the course of the pathology and cause complications. Before prescribing a massage, the doctor checks whether there are any contraindications.

Treatment of lumbar hernia

Depending on the severity of the disease, a conservative or surgical method of treating lumbar hernial protrusion is prescribed.

The surgical method is rarely used, and in order not to resort to it at all, the correct methods of conservative therapy are used:

1. Motor technique – strengthening the muscular frame, increasing the overall resistance of the body. Many exercises go in conjunction with training loads. To avoid deterioration of well-being, the motor technique is carried out carefully and under the supervision of a doctor.
2. Manual method – undergoing treatment from a chiropractor and using acupuncture. The method is useful in relieving pain and improving overall well-being. But this method cannot stop the disease.
3. Physiotherapy methods are gentle therapeutic procedures. These include various massage options, reflexology, and stretching.

As a rule, such methods are used in combination; doctors draw up an individual plan for the treatment and prevention of intervertebral hernias without significant risk to health.

The complex of medical measures includes three methods:

1. Spinal stretch.
2. Massages and special treatments.
3. Physiotherapy.

Many experts recommend an effective and very affordable method - treatment and prevention of intervertebral hernia according to the method of psychotherapist Sergei Mikhailovich Bybnovsky.

However, many treatment methods, for example, physiotherapy, can only be performed in a specialized institution.

Adaptive gymnastics Bubnovsky

The doctor developed and approved a special technique, which is based on the treatment of spinal column pathology using a special device that he himself developed. The device is called the Bubnovsky multifunctional simulator. The treatment method is called kinesiotherapy, which means treatment through movement.

• The gymnastics complex consists of various exercises, which together are aimed at convenience, comfort and efficiency for the patient.
• When performing the exercise, each movement is repeated 10 times. Gradually the number and pace of approaches increase.
• It is important to ensure that when performing the exercise, the tension is concentrated on the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall, and not on the back muscles.
• It is recommended to perform the exercises three to six times a day, distributing the workouts into several groups.
• Also, Dr. Bubnovsky recommends a set of physical activities that can be done at home.

What are the benefits of massage?

Massage for osteochondrosis is often a key component of therapy. Just a few sessions will normalize your health and increase muscle flexibility. A full cycle of 10 visits allows you to achieve the following results:

• joint mobility is restored;
• metabolic processes in nerve tissues are normalized;
• muscle contractions stop;
• physical and mental condition improves;
• stimulates the functioning of lymphatic flows;
• slows down or completely stops the course of the disease;
• restores sensitivity.

With the development of neck osteochondrosis, massage movements help normalize hearing, improve neck mobility, and eliminate tinnitus. However, it should be remembered that massage is not the only method of influence, as it will not be very effective. It is prescribed in combination with drug therapy, which must be carried out by an experienced doctor, otherwise there is a risk of causing complications of the condition.

In case of osteochondrosis, massage is performed only by a competent specialist in the clinic.

The essence of Bubnovsky's technique

The useful system is focused on the treatment of chronic orthopedic and neurological diseases of the spinal column, small and large joints without medications and the use of special corsets, as well as surgical interventions.

Bubnovsky designed the human body as a “three-story house” and based on this his method works:

• The first is the pelvis, legs and feet.
• The second is the back, chest, stomach.
• The third is the head, shoulders, neck.

By involving in the exercises the work of the muscular apparatus of the “ground floor”, that is, the lower extremities, the circulatory system is stimulated and its circulation improves from bottom to top.

Then, a group of muscles of the thoracic region and back is included in the work to eliminate pain. Afterwards, they begin to activate the muscular system of the cervical spine, shoulder frame and arms.

For a home workout routine, it is important to choose exercises that will help develop the spine and large joints and eliminate pain without the use of medications.

Bubnovsky exercises for hernia of the lumbar spine

The set of exercises is very simple to do independently at home. By performing training, you can eliminate pain, relieve muscle tension, stretch the spinal column, and speed up blood circulation in the affected area of ​​the back. But to consolidate the result, it is important to complete the entire course using Dr. Bubnovsky’s simulator and be under the supervision of a doctor.

How to do the exercises:

(1) - Cat/Cow

Take a position on all fours. Rest your elbows and knees on the floor. Relax your muscles as much as possible. Take a deep breath and slowly arch your back. Then, slowly exhale and bend your back. Return to starting position. Perform 15-20 repetitions.

If the pain intensifies during movements, then temporarily do not perform this stage of the workout.

(2) - Gluteal bridge

Take a lying position on your back, stretch your arms along your body. Take a deep breath. Exhaling slowly, carefully lift your pelvis off the floor, resting on your feet and shoulders. Try to lift to the maximum height. As you inhale, lower your pelvis. It is recommended to perform at least 15-20 repetitions and then pause.

Gluteal Bridge

(3) — Complex for keeping the body tense

Starting position on your back, arms along your body. Raise your legs up, clasp your knees with your hands. Slowly raise your body. Press your chin to your chest. Then, release your knees without changing position and fix the position for a few seconds. It is not advisable to allow overvoltage. Repeat the exercise until you feel slightly tired.

(4) — Bend forward to hold the body from a position on all fours

Take a position on all fours. Move your body straight, that is, pull it forward, trying not to bend your arms at the elbow joint. At the same time, the shoulders move forward, the knees and palms remain in place. It is necessary to move forward until there is comfortable tension in the lower back. Hold the position for a few seconds and return to the starting position. Repeat the movement 15-20 times.

(5) - Scissors

Exercise "Scissors". Take a horizontal position on your back, arms at your sides, bend your knees slightly. Start with your legs slowly, without making sudden movements. Breathing should be uniform.

Exercise "Scissors"

(6) - Bicycle

Oblique crunches (or “Bicycle” exercise). Lie on your back. Place the left upper limb under the back of the head. Slowly move your right leg, bending it at the knee, to touch the elbow of your left hand. In the same direction, return to the original position. Perform 15 approaches on each side.

Exercise "Bicycle"

(7) - Walking on your buttocks

Take a sitting position on the floor. Place your hands behind the back of your head. Smoothly lift the left and right buttocks in turn, thus moving forward. Move backwards in the same way and take the starting position.

Exercises for pain with a hernia in the cervical spine

Therapeutic training can help restore circulatory blood flow through the vertebral arteries to the brain. You can have an impact on the back muscles and the vascular system by doing pull-ups.

(1) — Working with rubber

You need to sit on a chair. Perform traction movements using an expander (an exercise machine made of elastic rubber). The row is performed with the arms from side to side, that is, by stretching the machine as much as possible.

(2) - Knee push-ups

Now perform push-ups with emphasis on the knee joint. The torso should remain straight and in contact with the entire plane of the floor. Untrained people do 5 push-ups and a total of 10 approaches with a break of 3 minutes.

Exercises with expander and dumbbells

(1) — Sawing wood

Exercise “sawing wood” with emphasis on the knee joint. The expander is attached down the wall. Place your legs, knee and shin on a high bench, lean your hand against the wall. With the second hand, make movements towards yourself, away from you. This exercise uses the muscles of the cervical spine. Instead of an expander, you can use a dumbbell, lifting it from the floor and lowering it.

(2) - Pullover

Exercise “pullover”. To perform the exercise, you need to lie on a horizontal bench with your back along the bench, put your feet on the floor, and place your head as close to the edge of the bench as possible. At the starting point, the dumbbell is held with outstretched arms above the chest. As you inhale, lower the dumbbell behind your head without bending your arms until your arms hang below the level of the bench. Then, as you exhale, raise the dumbbell to the starting point.

(3) - Straightening the arm from behind the head

You need to sit on a bench, take one dumbbell in your hands, raise it above your head with your hand, bend your arm at the elbow and put the dumbbell behind your head from behind, lift it and put it back again. Repeat the exercise 15 times with each hand. All actions are performed slowly.

Yoga

It has long been proven that yoga can cure and prevent many diseases. The following asanas are effective against thoracic osteochondrosis:

1. Reduction of the shoulder blades. Get on all fours, the spine should be perfectly straight, the stomach should be tucked. Squeeze your shoulder blades for 5-7 seconds, relax. Repeat 12 times.
2. Cat pose. Standing on all fours, as you exhale, round your back, while inhaling, bend over. Repeat 12-15 times.
3. Tiger pose. Standing on all fours, bend your left leg and take it back. Pull your knee up and your toe towards your buttocks. Repeat 12 times.

Important Exercises for Blood Circulation

Therapeutic exercises from this group help improve blood flow in the pulmonary and systemic circulation, the functioning of the heart muscle, and accelerate the absorption of nutrients into the bone and cartilage tissue of the spine.

Exercise #1 - Squats

Place your feet wider than your shoulders, point your toes to the sides, keep your back straight, stretch your arms forward.

Inhale and squat at an angle of 90 degrees, exhaling forcefully, straighten your legs. This must be repeated 10 times. It is advisable to learn how to perform 4 approaches in 30 days, and 10 approaches in six months.

During the exercise, you must monitor your pulse; a heart rate of no more than 140 beats per minute is acceptable. Check your heart rate zones using the Karvonen formula or mHR (220 - age.)

If after performing the exercise there is pain in the lower extremities, you can take a contrast shower or rub the muscles with a cold wet towel.

This exercise is not recommended for those with arthrosis of the knee joint.

Exercise #2 - Advanced Glute Bridge

Lie on your back, bend your legs and place them on a bench or chair.

Support your head with your hands or you can stretch it along your body. Take a breath.

As you exhale, slowly raise your upper back and reach your elbows towards your knees. It will be enough to lift your shoulder blades off the floor, retracting the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall.

Repeat 10 times.

To stabilize your heartbeat, it is advisable to lie down quietly.

Healthy exercises for the spine

Physical therapy exercises can be used as a preventive measure for diseases of the spinal column, and if they exist.

The exercises are aimed at developing the deep muscular system, expanding the intervertebral space, relieving tension from the joints and intervertebral discs. Also, useful exercises help eliminate spasm of blood vessels and nerve roots, preventing the appearance of hernial tumors.

Complex for acute back pain

Therapeutic exercises will help improve blood circulation in the smooth muscles of the back, relieve tension, expand the intervertebral space, eliminating acute pain.

Exercise #1 - Walking on all fours

Take a pose on all fours, focusing on your knees and palms. Move slowly in this position until the pain subsides, about 10-15 minutes.

When moving, you need to take a deep breath. You should take stretched steps: hand to knee, left leg to right hand and vice versa. Sit on your left limb and simultaneously stretch your right one back. Try to pull your left leg forward as far as possible and lower yourself lower. Exhale at the final stage of the exercise.

When moving, you will probably have to overcome pain. It is recommended to perform 2 sets of 20 repetitions.

Exercise No. 2 - Crunches, knees suspended

Take a lying position on your back, bend your knees, put your hands behind your head. Inhale, and as you exhale, bend your body, lifting your shoulder blades off the floor, if possible. The knees must be pulled towards the elbows.

At the first movements, painful sensations are possible, but you should not be afraid. It is recommended to repeat the training until a burning sensation appears in the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall. When the movements become more synchronized, you can stretch your lower limbs when lowering your head onto the mat.

Exercise #3 - Glute Bridge

Take a lying position on your back, arms parallel to your body. Inhale and, as you exhale, try to lift your pelvis off the floor to create a high half-bridge. As you inhale, slowly lower yourself to the floor. Pause for 2 seconds and repeat the workout 25 times.

Exercise No. 4 - Walking on the buttocks

Take a sitting position on the mat, place your hands in front of your chest. Contracting the gluteal muscles, we begin to “walk” them back and forth for 20 minutes.

Exercise No. 5 - Hanging on the bar

Climb onto the bench, inhale, grab the horizontal bar with your hands, and as you exhale, pull your knees to your chest. Shooting pain may appear in the lumbar region, but do not be alarmed. Slowly lower your feet onto the bench, then onto the floor.

Advantages and disadvantages of the method

Like most treatment systems, the Bubnovsky method has its disadvantages and advantages.

The advantages include:

• exercises for thoracic osteochondrosis are universal, as they are effective not only in treating the disease, but also for recovery after surgery or injury;
• Exercise therapy according to Bubnovsky can be performed as a prophylaxis for osteochondrosis;
• such gymnastics can relieve unpleasant symptoms and cure the disease itself without the use of medications;
• no restrictions on age and gender;
• increasing body tone;
• improvement of metabolism;
• improved mood after exercise;
• long duration of treatment effect and exclusion of relapses of the diagnosis;
• Therapeutic gymnastics increases the body's protective functions, strengthens muscles and eliminates excess weight.

Experts have not identified any shortcomings in Bubnovsky’s treatment method; the main thing is that you must follow the training schedule, not miss classes, and strictly follow all the doctor’s recommendations.

Physical therapy is an integral part of the treatment of osteochondrosis. It helps not only to relieve the unpleasant symptoms of exacerbation, but also to prevent the progression of the disease. On our website you will find basic exercises according to Alexandra Bonina’s method, which are designed for physically unprepared people.

The Bubnovsky system is recognized by official medicine, patented and has all permissions.

Preparing for gymnastics at home

In order for therapeutic training to bring the desired effect, you need to follow a number of rules:

1. Exercises should be done regularly.
2. Start classes no earlier than 2 hours after eating.
3. It is necessary to stretch the muscles and joints before starting classes (rubbing, circular movements of the body).
4. After completing the workout, take a shower and rest for about half an hour.
5. When doing gymnastics, breathe deeply and evenly, without holding your breath for long.

Exercises against night pain

Sometimes the pain syndrome may not bother you throughout the day, but before going to bed, aching pain appears in the lower back.

Bubnovsky exercise with back bending

Next, for the lesson you will need an expander. Attach an expander to the wall and sit under it. Pull the free end of the exercise machine, securing it to your leg.

Repeat cyclic exercises. With the right leg – lift – bend – straighten – lower. Repeat the same with the other leg. Perform 10 times on each limb.

Pool

Visiting the pool has a beneficial effect not only on the condition of the spine, but also on the overall health of the body.

It is worth following the following recommendations from experts:

• recreational swimming must be performed under the supervision of an instructor;
• exercises are performed no earlier than half an hour after eating;
• before entering the water, you need to do a short warm-up;
• do not allow it to be cold, as this will reduce the therapeutic effect;
• time spent in the pool should not exceed 30 minutes;
• After finishing your health swimming, you need to take a contrast shower and drink warm tea.

Prevention for the spine during sedentary work

A sedentary lifestyle, including at work, can cause problems with the spine. Often, in order to relieve pain, a person is forced to take a comfortable position. In such cases, Dr. Bubnovsky advises regularly performing the following set of workouts that help stretch the muscles of the back, buttocks and legs. Exercises can be done both at home and at work.

Regularly performing exercises based on the Bubnovsky technique will strengthen the spinal column and eliminate pain. Before you start exercising on your own, consult your doctor.

Basic rules of training

Performing physical therapy for thoracic osteochondrosis requires compliance with certain rules, on which the quality of the training and its safety will depend.

When doing exercise therapy, you should know that gymnastics should improve your well-being, and if the opposite effect is observed when performing it and the body’s condition does not improve within 7 days, then you should consult a doctor and reconsider the training.

Where do you need to start?

1. Exercises are prohibited during the acute stage; it is recommended to exercise during the period of remission.
2. At first, the exercises are performed without additional weight, but after a few weeks, when the body gets used to the stress, you can use special sticks, weights, and elastic bands.
3. The number of approaches increases gradually. For the first workout, 5-7 repetitions will be enough, then increase to 12.

How to do it correctly?

Physical therapy is not an active sport, so all exercises are done at a slow pace without sudden movements. During classes you need to monitor your well-being. If it has sharply worsened, then you need to greatly reduce the intensity of exercises and eliminate those that provoke deterioration. In this case, it is not recommended to quit training.

Medical opinion

In diseases of the musculoskeletal system, good results can be achieved without the use of medications. For example, with a hernia of the lumbar spine, the prescription of tablets and injections will only give a temporary effect. The main element in the treatment of diseases of the spine and joints is proper gymnastics.

For persons with an existing hernia of the spinal column, training activity should be dosed and correct. You shouldn’t do the wrong exercises on your own and overexert yourself.

To combat the disease, entire complexes of therapeutic exercises have been developed. Doctors unanimously say that exercise therapy is an effective method of treatment, and the result depends on the patient’s desire, effort and discipline. By following the recommendations and performing exercises regularly and correctly, you can achieve lasting improvements in health.

But still, as with any type of treatment, gymnastics has contraindications:

• Exacerbation of the disease, with severe pain.
• Increased body temperature.
• Diseases of internal organs, provided that exercise therapy can lead to aggravation of the condition.
• Metastasis to the spine.

The role of therapeutic exercises

The exercise method developed by the doctor simultaneously involves several types of loads: tension and tension with alternating contractions, which trains the muscles well.
It is this complex of therapeutic exercises, according to Bubnovsky, that will improve health and strengthen the muscles that support the vertebrae. More effective results from training can be obtained by performing exercises in specialized centers, but the doctor has developed a special technique that can be performed at home without additional equipment. Exercise therapy is performed with a feasible load at any time of the day, but it is recommended to avoid training just before bedtime.

The doctor claims that the exercises are performed for the part of the spine where the discomfort and pathology of the intervertebral discs occur.

Recommendations and rules

Before starting therapeutic training, you must adhere to the rules for their implementation:

1. Gymnastics should be done daily, preferably several times a day.
2. Perform all movements correctly, avoid sudden movements, jumps and jerks.
3. Gradually increase the duration, intensity and number of repetitions during exercise.
4. Avoid excessive fatigue during exercise.
5. When performing gymnastics, you need to concentrate on the location of the hernia. If pain intensifies during exercise, or a feeling of numbness appears in the lower back, you should stop exercising and consult a doctor.

Indications for performing exercise therapy

Therapeutic exercises for osteochondrosis are necessary at any stage of the disease, because it relaxes the muscles, increases their tone and relieves pain.
Among the indications for performing exercise therapy, doctors note:

• back pain syndrome;
• impaired mobility;
• restriction of movements in the lumbar or neck area;
• preventive measures;
• the occurrence of pain during movements.

If these indications are present, a person needs to be wary, since some changes occur in the body, the course of which cannot be started under any circumstances.

Exercises according to Bubnovsky are an excellent option for eliminating the symptoms of the initial stage of the disease, which will strengthen the muscle corset and make a person feel better. To do this, you need to familiarize yourself with the technique of performing all the exercises and stick only to it.

Types of vertebral hernias

Spinal hernias, like most neoplasms, have their own classification.

The location of hernias depending on the part of the spine, the cause and size of the hernial protrusion

The following groups are distinguished:

Division in relation to the parts of the spinal column in which the hernial protrusions are located:

• lumbar region – 65%;
• ore department -31%;
• cervical region - 4%.

The frequency of a hernia in a specific location is determined by the load carried by a certain segment of the spine, as well as its mobility.

Primary and secondary hernial protrusions:

In this section, the division of hernias is determined by the cause of their occurrence.

• Primary hernias occur due to traumatic injury, as well as excessive physical exertion.
• Secondary hernial protrusions are formed due to degenerative changes in the intervertebral discs and destruction of their structure.

According to the size of the fragment protruding beyond the intervertebral space:

Hernias can protrude beyond the space between the vertebrae.

• Protrusion – disc protrusion up to 1-3 mm.
• Prolapse – disc prolapse up to 3-6 mm.
• Hernia developed up to 15 mm.

It is necessary to take into account that the same size of hernia has a different clinical formulation when it is located in different parts of the spinal column:

• in the cervical region, the hernia is considered small up to 2 mm, in the lumbar region - up to 4 mm.
• medium size - up to 4 mm in the cervical and up to 7 mm in the lumbar.
• large size - up to 6 mm in the cervical and up to 9 mm in the lumbar.
• huge size - up to 8 mm in the cervical and up to 9 mm in the lumbar.

According to anatomical classification:

The anatomical division of hernias is determined by their effect on neighboring organs, spinal tissues or nerve endings.

Free hernia

When part of the contents of the intervertebral disc penetrates the posterior longitudinal ligament, which supports the spinal column in an upright position, but the connection with the disc remains.

Vagal hernia

A deformity in which the connection between the protruding fragment and the intervertebral disc is lost. A hernia is dangerous because if it is present, autoimmune inflammation may develop due to the compressive effect on the spinal cord tissue.