Most Russians believe that a certificate of incapacity for work (sick leave) is issued only for periods of illness or maternity leave. But that's not true. Article 59 of the Federal Law of November 21, 2011 No. 323-FZ “On the fundamentals of protecting the health of citizens in the Russian Federation” states that citizens will receive such a document in the following situations:
- in case of illness;
- when diagnosing an injury;
- in case of poisoning;
- during follow-up treatment in sanatorium-resort organizations;
- when caring for a sick family member;
- due to quarantine;
- for the duration of prosthetics in stationary conditions;
- during pregnancy and childbirth;
- when adopting a child;
- for other conditions associated with temporary disability.
Depending on the situation, the maximum number of days of sick leave changes. This is primarily due to the severity of the citizen’s condition: the worse his state of health, the longer the period of temporary disability.
IMPORTANT!
The legislation allows you to issue both paper and electronic certificates of incapacity for work. In the second case, you will have to formalize consent.
Material on the topic : Filling out sick leave - a step-by-step guide
Minimum term
No regulatory document sets a minimum period of sick leave in 2021, but usually at least three days are given for treatment. After repeated admission, a decision is made to continue or discontinue therapy. That is, the duration of sick leave is determined by the attending physician, taking into account the patient’s well-being.
At the same time, the laws of the Russian Federation stipulate how long medical workers can give sick leave:
- the attending physician has the right to issue a sick leave certificate for up to 15 days;
- paramedics and dentists are allowed to release the patient from work for up to 10 days inclusive;
- a special medical commission is authorized to extend the document for longer periods.
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IMPORTANT!
Visiting paid medical institutions does not provide benefits to a sick employee. For the first 15 days, he will be sent for treatment by a doctor from a private organization. But if the illness drags on, the patient will be sent to undergo a medical examination at the state clinic at the place of his attachment or registration, where they will issue a new document confirming temporary disability.
When to contact adults
If you notice the slightest changes in your body, immediately make an appointment with a doctor to avoid complications.
What complaints do you see a neurologist for?
Common problems people come to the office with are:
- pain in the head, neck, back, upper and lower extremities;
- deterioration of the speech apparatus;
- weakening of muscle tone;
- frequent fainting;
- prostration;
- impaired coordination of movements;
- noise in ears;
- excessive forgetfulness, absent-mindedness;
- blurred vision;
- chronic insomnia;
- a sharp increase or decrease in temperature;
- panic attacks;
- prolonged depression and so on.
If you notice any of the symptoms, you should immediately go to the doctor for examination to make a diagnosis.
Maximum term
Order No. 925n of the Ministry of Health dated September 1, 2020 states how many days per year an adult can be on sick leave by decision of a medical commission - no more than 10 months. But if this is provided for by the treatment program after surgery or injury - no more than 12 months. But the patient is required to be examined regularly (every 15 days).
IMPORTANT!
Since people are sometimes sent for treatment to a medical organization located in another locality, the period for how many months sick leave is paid includes the days required for travel.
Since the reasons for receiving a certificate of incapacity for work are different, we will consider how long you can be on sick leave without a break based on the order of the Ministry of Health dated September 1, 2020 No. 925n and the Federal Law dated December 29, 2006 No. 255-FZ.
Duration of sick leave depending on the basis for receiving it
| Illness, poisoning, injury (including those received at work) | Up to 15 days, with the possibility of extending sick leave by a medical commission for up to 10–12 months. |
| Quarantine | For the entire quarantine period when caring for a child under 7 years old attending a preschool educational institution. For the entire period of quarantine when caring for a family member declared incompetent. For the period of isolation approved by the authorized bodies of persons who have had infectious diseases and have come into contact with them - with temporary suspension from work of citizens who have been in contact with infectious patients, or citizens identified as bacteria carriers. |
| Aftercare in sanatorium-resort organizations | For the entire period of follow-up treatment, but not more than 24 calendar days. For tuberculosis - for the entire period of treatment, follow-up treatment and travel to the place of recovery. |
| Caring for a sick family member | When caring for a sick child under the age of 7 years - for the entire period of treatment, but they will pay for no more than 60 days a year (if the disease is included in the List approved by Order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation of February 20, 2008 No. 84n, the rule is how long sick leave is paid, otherwise - no more than 90 days during the year). When caring for a child aged 7 to 15 years - up to 15 days for each case of illness, with the possibility of extension by decision of the medical commission. Paid days - up to 45 throughout the year. When caring for a sick disabled child under the age of 18, they will pay for the entire period of treatment, but not more than 120 calendar days during the year. For the entire period of treatment (with payment) when caring for a child under 18 years of age, if he:
For outpatient treatment of a sick family member over 15 years old - up to 7 days, and paid for no more than 30 days during the year. |
| Adopting a child | A woman who has adopted a child under the age of 3 months is issued a certificate of incapacity for work from the date of adoption for a period of up to 70 calendar days from the date of birth of the child. If two or more children are adopted at the same time, the period for which sick leave can be extended increases to 110 days. |
| Pregnancy and childbirth | 140 calendar days in 30 weeks of pregnancy - if a woman is expecting one child. 194 calendar days in 28 weeks of pregnancy - if a multiple pregnancy is diagnosed. If the diagnosis of multiple pregnancy is established during childbirth, a certificate of incapacity for work for pregnancy and childbirth is issued for an additional 54 calendar days. 156 calendar days - for complicated or premature birth (from 22 to 30 weeks of pregnancy). From 160 to 200 calendar days - for women living (working) in settlements exposed to radioactive contamination as a result of the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant or the accident at the Mayak production association and the discharge of radioactive waste into the Techa River. |
| Prosthetics in hospital | For the entire period of prosthetics and the time of travel to the place of registration. |
| Carrying out the in vitro fertilization procedure | For the entire period of treatment (stimulation of superovulation, ovarian puncture and embryo transfer) until the result of the procedure is determined and travel to and from the medical organization. |
| Termination of pregnancy (miscarriage or abortion) | For the entire period of incapacity, but not less than 3 days. |
Material on the topic Sick leave for pregnancy and childbirth - registration and payment
What cures for children
A neurologist examines adults and children. The doctor specializes in identifying functional pathologies that develop as a result of destabilization of the nervous system.
Children's diseases include:
- Cerebral palsy or Down syndrome;
- meningitis and epilepsy;
- bilirubin encephalopathy, which occurs with jaundice in infants;
- injuries to the brain and spinal cord that occurred during childbirth;
- phenylketonuria;
- cerebral ischemia and similar abnormal phenomena provoked by intrauterine hypoxia, asphyxia at the time of birth.
When asked why go to a neurologist, the answer is that with timely medical care, it is possible to detect a problem that is at an early stage, which simplifies the course of treatment.
Payment terms and rules
In order to receive compensation for sick days from the employer in 2021, the employee must provide the company with sick leave within six months from the date of its closure. Temporary disability benefits for the first 3 days will be calculated within 10 days from the date of the employee’s application. The employee will receive the money along with the first payment - advance payment or salary. But if a situation arises in which a recalculation is required, payment will be received later.
The remaining days of treatment are paid for by the Social Insurance Fund. To do this, the sick leave and a package of documents necessary for the calculation and payment of funds are transferred to the Social Insurance Fund. According to the law, 10 calendar days are given for the transfer of benefits from the date when the fund receives the necessary information.
If an employee who previously quit is applying for benefits, the benefits will be paid no later than 30 calendar days after the termination of the employment contract (Article 5 of the Federal Law of December 29, 2006 No. 255-FZ “On compulsory social insurance in case of temporary disability and in connection with maternity”) .
What treats in adults
There are many diseases that cause nervous disorders. The disease has a distinctive feature, presented in the form of factors, symptoms and prerequisites leading to deterioration of health.
The competence of a neurologist includes treatment of:
- Crouzon, Tourette, Dandy-Walker, West syndromes;
- spina bifida;
- neurofibromatosis;
- syringomyelia;
- Wilson-Konovalov's diseases, Parkinson's, Alzheimer's;
- leukodystrophy;
- radiculitis, dizziness;
- Strong headache;
- sleep disturbance;
- stroke and atherosclerosis;
- thrombosis and fainting conditions;
- injury to the brain or spinal cord.
If you have a disease that is the reason for contacting a neurologist, you will need the supervision of a specialist who can react and prevent the disease from transforming into a severe form.
Benefit calculation
The benefit depends on the average daily earnings for the previous two years and length of service. If a person has worked for more than 8 years, for each day of illness he will be paid 100% of the average daily salary. Experience from 5 to 8 years makes it possible to receive 80% of the specified amount, and less than 5 years - 60% of average earnings.
If annual earnings exceed the base for calculating insurance premiums, the benefit is calculated based on the maximum amounts. Data for 2021 and 2020 are used to calculate compensation for the current year. — 865,000 and 912,000 rubles, respectively.
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If the employee had no income in the previous two years, his income is below the minimum wage or his length of service does not exceed 6 months, the temporary disability benefit is minimal and is calculated based on the established minimum wage (from 01/01/2021 - 12,792 rubles per month).
How is the consultation carried out?
The therapist writes a referral to a neurologist, whose responsibilities include collecting information, clarifying complaints and symptoms that do not allow you to lead your lifestyle. The history of manifestations, duration, regularity, and the presence of similar problems in relatives are taken into account.
Attention is paid to examination, observation of facial expression, and eye condition. Included is a test of reflexes responsible for the reaction of elbows and knees, pre-bent, to light tapping with a hammer. Each age group of patients has its own indicators that are normal. Patient-specific information is lacking.
Tests will be required to ensure that there are no disturbances when performing actions, when moving, when swallowing food, and when observing vision and smell. To check coordination, the patient with his eyes closed should touch his index finger to his nose. If there are no pathological processes, then the task will be completed without problems.
When abnormalities of a neurological nature are detected, the doctor issues a sick leave.
The information obtained from the examination will allow us to draw conclusions and send the patient for additional studies to help choose a method of therapy.
Deadline for paying maternity benefits
Maternity benefits are paid from the Social Insurance Fund or the federal budget. If a woman expecting a child is officially employed, then she turns to her employer for benefits, but pays the money to the Social Insurance Fund. In this case, the payment period does not differ from the general rules for receiving compensation for sick days.
Material on the topic Rules for recording sick leave for external part-time workers Unemployed pregnant women apply for benefits to the social security authorities at their place of residence (stay or actual residence). Officials are given 10 days to review and assign a specific amount. Maternity leave must be issued directly no later than the 26th day of the month following the month of application and registration of the application with all the necessary documents.
The benefit is calculated based on average earnings. That is, a woman who provides sick leave for pregnancy and childbirth will receive 100% of the average earnings during the period of maternity leave. If an employee has worked for less than six months, her benefits will be calculated based on the minimum wage and regional coefficients (if applied). Unemployed expectant mothers will also be able to claim the minimum amount.
The benefit is paid in a total amount regardless of the number of days actually used by the pregnant woman before giving birth. The practice of not paying full maternity leave on the basis that a woman continued to work after 30 weeks of pregnancy is illegal.
When to contact children
Half of the cases of disability are due to diseases of the nervous system.
A neurologist examines infants up to 1 year old, visiting frequency is once every 3 months, and the condition of one-year-old babies is monitored annually. Studying the child's body in the early stages helps to calculate natural development, which corresponds to age-related characteristics.
What complaints do parents bring to a neurologist? They will need to check the child’s health if:
- increased irritability, fatigue;
- regular regurgitation;
- high fever accompanied by convulsions;
- rapid rhythmic trembling of the chin, upper and lower extremities;
- rest disorder, which involves the inability to remain calm during sleep. Restlessness and awakenings are observed;
- urinary incontinence at night;
- toes curl when stepping on the foot;
- frequent fainting;
- excessive fatigue or hyperactivity;
- speech delay, stuttering;
- low adaptability to the environment;
- nervous tics.
From the list of signs indicating the development of pathologies, there are also those complaints of a neurological patient that are considered natural processes. Regurgitation is a normal phenomenon, but it is necessary to ensure that there is no threat by consulting a neurologist.
We must not forget about the importance of conducting an examination; with its help, problems that negatively affect the child’s well-being are identified. After identifying the disease, effective therapy is selected, the result is getting rid of the disease that interferes with the development of the baby.
general information
Each bulletin has its own validity period, or, in other words, the period during which a person can be legally absent from work without the threat of dismissal and prosecution, while maintaining wages.
The duration of sick leave depends on the following factors:
- type and type of disease;
- presence of complications;
- doctor's specialization;
- severity of the patient's condition.
If the doctor sees no reason for not fulfilling work duties in the case of a non-serious illness or mild illness, then the sick leave will not be opened.
Otherwise, any disease has its own recovery period, and besides, the doctor always evaluates the course of the disease, which can be different and sometimes unpredictable.
Can a neurologist refuse to issue a sick leave?
Osteochondrosis is a common diagnosis that can be made in 8 out of 10 patients based on radiography. Therefore, the very presence of changes in the structure of the skeletal system and pathologies of the intervertebral discs is not a reason for rest. A neurologist will be able to prescribe you sick leave for osteochondrosis only if your condition has become acute and is accompanied by severe pain.
- If you have already been seen by a neurologist for this disease, and now it has undoubtedly worsened, the doctor will send you on sick leave, prescribing a course of maintenance pain medication.
- If you are experiencing acute pain for the first time, you are also recommended to take a break from work, but first you will have to spend some time in the clinic, taking an X-ray of the painful area and taking the tests necessary for diagnosis.
- In case of severe pain that is not relieved by standard home treatment medications, the neurologist may decide on the need to go to the hospital. In this case, you will be given a sick leave for osteochondrosis at the hospital, and it will be opened on the day you are admitted to them.
Intercostal neuralgia
A pathology such as intercostal neuralgia is characterized by an acute course and is accompanied by the development of pronounced symptoms. The disease develops against the background of hypothermia, the patient complains of signs of a cold - severe headache, general weakness, nasal congestion and pain in the throat.
Cold symptoms are complemented by such symptoms as defecation disorders. This fact is due to the fact that during a neurological attack, the abdominal muscles tense and the intercostal spaces expand, which prevents normal bowel movements of the colon. The patient suffers from chronic constipation.
When asked about how to get sick leave from a neurologist for intercostal neuralgia, doctors answer the following: to obtain a medical certificate, the patient must attend a consultation with a doctor and inform him about the presence of symptoms. Since the neuralgic disorder is aggravated by pain, which limits motor activity and reduces performance, the neurologist will unconditionally issue him a sick leave.
Most patients who have been diagnosed with intercostal neuralgia know how to get to neurology in an emergency room. This is due to the fact that patients with the diagnosis suffer from limited motor activity and severe pain, which is why they require hospitalization.
Therapeutic course
To select treatment measures, it is necessary to take into account the type of disease, after which procedures that have an effect are considered.
The following methods are used as therapy:
- massages;
- manual therapy;
- physiotherapy and acupuncture;
- traction therapy;
- biofeedback method.
Special blockades will be needed to prevent pain from muscle-tonic syndromes that force you to complain to the doctor. To eliminate neuroses and sleep problems, medications and psychotherapy are used. The drugs are useful for brain injuries, vascular pathologies (see vascular atherosclerosis), epilepsy, and consequences of surgical intervention.
Cellular technologies are designed to cure ailments caused by damage to the brain and spinal cord, and thanks to them it is also possible to combat cerebral palsy.
If you take good care of your health and pay attention to deviations, then there is a chance to get rid of the problem and save a person’s life.
Duration of sick leave for complications
Osteochondrosis, having begun, does not retreat from a person. This disease cannot be completely cured, so a series of exacerbations and the duration of the pathology can ultimately lead to complications. These include unbearable pain of a constant nature and inflammatory processes that cannot be treated at home - all together lead to long-term therapy that does not bring positive results. A complicated disease entails the inability not only to carry out work activities, but also to care for oneself.
Diagnosis of neuralgia
To study what the neurologist had to complain about, laboratory activities are carried out based on the results, which include taking tests and monitoring the condition of the organs.
The neurologist recommends the following procedures:
- lumbar puncture;
- CT and MRI;
- echoencephalography;
- general and biochemical blood test;
- cerebral angiography;
- lipid profile;
- positron emission tomography;
- Ultrasound and myelography;
- radiography.
Thanks to research, a clinical picture emerges, on the basis of which effective treatment methods are proposed.