Sergey Bubnovsky: People with scoliosis have very long legs and a short body

Types of scoliosis

Static scoliosis

It is caused by an asymmetric load, the cause of which is congenital or acquired asymmetry. The consequences of the disease may be unequal lower limbs, disorders of the hip joint, extensive scars on the body, and congenital torticollis. With these diseases, the overall center of gravity shifts, so treatment of back scoliosis must begin immediately.

Discogenic scoliosis

Its cause is dysplastic syndrome. Due to metabolic disorders in connective tissues, the structure of the vertebrae also changes. This leads to a weakening of the connection between the intervertebral disc and the spine. The result of this is disc displacement and spinal curvature. This contributes to the primary tilt of the vertebrae, which leads to secondary curvature and tension in the muscles and ligaments of the body.

Paralytic scoliosis

It is caused by cerebral palsy, myopathy, and poliomyelitis. These muscle lesions shape posture and lead to spinal asymmetry.

Classification of scoliosis depending on location on the spine

1. Cervicothoracic. The apex of the curvature is at the level of the IV and V vertebrae. This type of scoliosis leads to deformation of the chest, asymmetry of the shoulder girdle, torticollis, as well as changes in the facial skeleton.

2. Chest. The apex of the spinal curvature is located on the seventh to ninth thoracic vertebrae. Curvatures can be left- or right-sided. This type of scoliosis is the most dangerous because it quickly progresses and deforms the chest, which leads to impaired respiratory function and the cardiovascular system.

3. Thoracic. The apex of the curvature is at the X-XII thoracic vertebrae. This type of scoliosis develops rapidly and also impairs respiratory and cardiovascular function.

4. Lumbar. The apex of the curvature is located on the I-II lumbar vertebrae. This type progresses slowly, but pain appears early in the area of ​​the deformity itself.

5. Combined or S-shaped. This deformation occurs at two levels at once: on the VII-IX thoracic and I-II lumbar vertebrae. This type of scoliosis leads to the progression of dysfunction of the cardiorespiratory system.

Causes

Many modern people encounter such a violation while still at school. Rapid fatigue and slight discomfort in the back are the first signals that non-physiological changes have begun in the child’s osseous-ligamentous system.

Over time, scoliosis can lead to shortness of breath, pain in the heart, and neurological symptoms may also appear.

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The clinical picture worsens as the disease progresses, and external manifestations become noticeable even to a non-specialist.

Thoracic scoliosis of the second and third degrees is easily recognized by the pronounced asymmetry of the spinal column and waist, different levels of shoulders and shoulder blades.

Such patients often complain of pain in the area of ​​the curvature, stiffness and increased fatigue in the back, which leads to deformation of the intervertebral discs, degenerative changes in the knee and hip joints.

Scoliosis of the thoracic spine often develops in the presence of a traumatic factor in combination with a predisposition of the osteoarticular system. Lack of physical activity, prolonged static postures, improper development of cartilage tissue and intervertebral joints - all this provokes curvature of the spine.

Despite the severity of the symptoms, only a doctor can treat and diagnose scoliosis. The deformity is diagnosed based on a manual examination, and the degree of curvature is diagnosed using x-rays.

Rehabilitation for scoliosis using exercise therapy

When treating scoliosis, the use of physical education is mandatory. It is part of a mandatory therapy package and helps in solving the following issues:

• conditions for restoring a healthy body position;
• development of body muscle endurance;
• stabilization of the healing process;
• obtaining healthy posture skills, as well as self-control and restoration of motor activity, consolidation of acquired knowledge;
• improvement of the respiratory system and cardiovascular system;
• improving the health of the whole body and increasing vitality;
• increasing psycho-emotional tone and social adaptation.

Rehabilitation for scoliosis using medical gymnastics is a complex of physical and breathing exercises, mechanotherapy, and general strengthening exercises. The patient's condition is well influenced by massages, auxiliary factors of nature, outdoor games and sports. Special muscle exercises help correct various types of spinal curvature. The duration of the exercises in the hospital lasts from two to three hours. Therapeutic exercises are more effective with individual sessions. Group classes are more suitable for general strengthening purposes.

The main type of exercise therapy is therapeutic exercises. With its help, the spine is unloaded, which is good for influencing deformed areas. Such exercises are usually performed in front of a mirror, which allows you to see the degree of curvature and provide a sense of correct posture.

Detorsion exercises. Their task is to rotate the spine in the direction opposite to torsion. They also allow for the correction of scoliosis by aligning the pelvis. In addition, the method of stretching contracted muscles and strengthening stretched ones is used.

General developmental exercises. This group is designed for general strengthening exercises for all muscles, as well as balance training, movement correction, and relaxation. These exercises can be performed with sports equipment such as dumbbells, a ball, a mace. Although sometimes you can do without the use of auxiliary means.

Rehabilitation is very important, but a rehabilitation program must be developed by a professional doctor.

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Treatment methods

The approach to treatment for different angles of curvature is different. Scoliosis of 50 degrees often requires surgical intervention. The question of its feasibility is decided on an individual basis, taking into account factors such as:

• patient's age;
• cause of deformation;
• localization of pathological bending;
• the effectiveness of conservative treatment methods;
• general health and existing symptoms;

1st degree

At the first stage of curvature, it is enough to perform therapeutic exercises and attend massage sessions. Doctors also recommend swimming and regular examinations. To strengthen the muscle corset, physiotherapeutic procedures of electrophoresis and electromyostimulation can be prescribed.

For reference! Scoliosis of 8 degrees or less cannot be ignored. It is imperative to take measures to prevent its strengthening and follow all medical prescriptions.

2nd degree

Correcting the 2nd degree of deformity is more difficult than the first. It is unlikely that it will be possible to straighten the spine, but everyone can reduce the degree of curvature and prevent further deterioration of the condition. Complex therapy includes exercise therapy, therapeutic physical education, massage and physiotherapy. Children are prescribed orthopedic corsets if they continue to grow and have a curvature of 15° or more. In patients with completed growth, bracing is not used. The corset will have to be worn either constantly or at night - the wearing mode is determined by the doctor. Good results are obtained by traction traction, which is carried out on special beds with an inclination, and manual therapy.

It is important that the procedures are regular:

• Exercise therapy – daily;
• massage – once every six months to a year;
• swimming – 2-3 times a week.

It is not advisable for children and adolescents with the 2nd degree of the disease to go to physical education, since team games can result in injury. If conservative treatment does not produce results, the question of surgery is raised.

3rd degree

It is possible to cope with 3rd degree spinal curvature conservatively only in childhood, no later than 11 years. After the 11th vertebrae ossify completely, and the result of treatment will only be a slowdown of the scoliotic process and a slight decrease in the angle of curvature. To maintain the therapeutic effect, it is recommended to undergo massage more often - 3-4 times a year - and intensively engage in physical therapy. At stage 3 of deformation, physiotherapy is widely used - electrophoresis, pulsed currents, magnetic therapy. In severe cases, when the patient complains of severe pain, surgical intervention is resorted to.

4th degree

A scoliotic curve angle greater than 40° is a direct indication for surgery if conservative methods are ineffective. The complex of therapeutic measures does not differ from that for vertebral curvature of the 3rd degree.

For reference! In order to increase the mobility of the deformed area, manual therapy sessions are performed. They are included in the list of preparatory procedures before surgery.

Surgical treatment consists of straightening the spinal motion segment to a “normal” angle. The vertebrae are fixed using metal structures - plates, rods, screws and hooks. The operated area becomes motionless. To correct the shape of the vertebrae and expand them, as well as to strengthen the entire structure, bone grafts-inlays are used. If you or your child suffers from scoliosis, do not delay treatment. You can get rid of deformity if you consult a competent doctor in a timely manner - these are the specialists who work with us. Our doctors provide consultations and treatment procedures with maximum comfort for patients. You will not have to endure pain and inconvenience, because all manipulations are performed using modern and ergonomic equipment. An individual treatment plan is developed for each patient, after which recommendations are given on how to maintain the achieved effect. You can make an appointment by calling +375 29 628 85 82 or leaving your contacts in the feedback form.

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